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NSE:PATANJALI", "cik": null, "lei": null, "companies_house": null, "wikidata": null, "website": "https://www.patanjalifoods.com", "status": "active", "generated": 0, "verified_at": "2026-10-04" }, { "id": "patisen", "name": "Patisen", "short_name": "Patisen", "aliases": "Groupe Patisen", "type": "private", "hq_country": "SN", "hq_city": "Dakar", "founded": 1981, "tickers": "", "cik": null, "lei": null, "companies_house": null, "wikidata": null, "website": "https://patisen.com", "status": "active", "generated": 0, "verified_at": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "paulig", "name": "Paulig Ltd", "short_name": "Paulig", "aliases": "Paulig Group", "type": "private", "hq_country": "FI", "hq_city": "Helsinki", "founded": 1876, "tickers": "", "cik": null, "lei": null, "companies_house": null, "wikidata": null, "website": "https://www.pauliggroup.com", "status": "active", "generated": 0, "verified_at": "2026-09-16" }, { "id": "paypal", "name": "PayPal Holdings, Inc.", "short_name": "PayPal", "aliases": "", "type": "public", "hq_country": "US", "hq_city": "San Jose, California", "founded": 1998, "tickers": "NASDAQ:PYPL", "cik": "0001633917", "lei": null, "companies_house": null, "wikidata": null, "website": "https://newsroom.paypal-corp.com", "status": "active", "generated": 0, "verified_at": "2026-10-04" }, { "id": "pegasus-airlines", "name": "Pegasus Hava Taşımacılığı A.Ş.", "short_name": "Pegasus Airlines", "aliases": "Pegasus", "type": "public", "hq_country": "TR", "hq_city": "Istanbul", "founded": null, "tickers": "BIST:PGSUS", "cik": null, "lei": null, "companies_house": null, "wikidata": null, "website": "https://www.flypgs.com", "status": "active", "generated": 0, "verified_at": "2026-10-04" }, { "id": "pepsico", "name": "PepsiCo, Inc.", "short_name": "PepsiCo", "aliases": "", "type": "public", "hq_country": "US", "hq_city": "Purchase, New York", "founded": 1965, "tickers": "NASDAQ:PEP", "cik": "0000077476", "lei": null, "companies_house": null, "wikidata": "Q334800", "website": "https://www.pepsico.com", "status": "active", "generated": 0, "verified_at": "2026-10-04" }, { "id": "perfetti-van-melle", "name": "Perfetti Van Melle Group B.V.", "short_name": "Perfetti Van Melle", "aliases": "", "type": "family_office", "hq_country": "NL", "hq_city": "Amsterdam", "founded": 2001, "tickers": "", "cik": null, "lei": null, "companies_house": null, "wikidata": "Q2071130", "website": "https://www.perfettivanmelle.com", "status": "active", "generated": 0, "verified_at": "2026-09-16" }, { "id": "pernod-ricard", "name": "Pernod Ricard SA", "short_name": "Pernod Ricard", "aliases": "", "type": "public", "hq_country": "FR", "hq_city": "Paris", "founded": 1975, "tickers": "EPA:RI", "cik": null, "lei": null, "companies_house": null, "wikidata": "Q1094254", "website": "https://www.pernod-ricard.com", "status": "active", "generated": 0, "verified_at": "2026-09-16" }, { "id": "perrigo", "name": "Perrigo Company plc", "short_name": "Perrigo", "aliases": "", "type": "public", "hq_country": "IE", "hq_city": "Dublin", "founded": 1887, "tickers": "NYSE:PRGO", "cik": "0001585364", "lei": null, "companies_house": null, "wikidata": null, "website": "https://www.perrigo.com", "status": "active", "generated": 0, "verified_at": "2026-10-04" }, { "id": "petco", "name": "Petco Health and Wellness Company, Inc.", "short_name": "Petco", "aliases": "", "type": "public", "hq_country": "US", "hq_city": "San Diego, California", "founded": 1965, "tickers": "NASDAQ:WOOF", "cik": "0001826470", "lei": null, "companies_house": null, "wikidata": null, "website": "https://www.petco.com", "status": "active", "generated": 0, "verified_at": "2026-10-04" }, { "id": "phibro-animal-health", "name": "Phibro Animal Health Corporation", "short_name": "Phibro", "aliases": "", "type": "public", "hq_country": "US", "hq_city": "Teaneck", "founded": null, "tickers": "NASDAQ:PAHC", "cik": "0001069899", "lei": null, "companies_house": null, "wikidata": null, "website": "https://www.pahc.com", "status": "active", "generated": 0, "verified_at": "2026-10-04" }, { "id": "philip-morris-international", "name": "Philip Morris International Inc.", "short_name": "Philip Morris International", "aliases": "PMI; 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"owns", "valid_from": "2007-02-25", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-b-and-g-foods-10k-2026; src-b-and-g-foods-10k-2008", "notes": null }, { "owner": "b-and-g-foods", "owned": "dash-seasonings", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2011-11-30", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-b-and-g-foods-10k-2026; src-b-and-g-foods-10k-2016", "notes": null }, { "owner": "b-and-g-foods", "owned": "spice-islands", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2016-11-21", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-b-and-g-foods-10k-2026; src-b-and-g-foods-10k-2021", "notes": null }, { "owner": "b-and-g-foods", "owned": "polaner", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1999-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-b-and-g-foods-10k-2026; src-b-and-g-foods-10k-2008", "notes": null }, { "owner": "b-and-g-foods", "owned": "las-palmas", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1999-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-b-and-g-foods-10k-2026; src-b-and-g-foods-10k-2008", "notes": null }, { "owner": "b-and-g-foods", "owned": "victoria-fine-foods", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2016-12-02", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-b-and-g-foods-10k-2026; src-b-and-g-foods-10k-2021", "notes": null }, { "owner": "b-and-g-foods", "owned": "b-and-m", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1999-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-b-and-g-foods-10k-2026; src-b-and-g-foods-10k-2008", "notes": null }, { "owner": "b-and-g-foods", "owned": "college-inn", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2026-03-19", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-b-and-g-foods-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "b-and-g-foods", "owned": "kitchen-basics", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2026-03-19", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-b-and-g-foods-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "b-and-g-foods", "owned": "weber-seasonings", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2006-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-b-and-g-foods-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Weber Seasonings name is owned by Weber-Stephen Products LLC." }, { "owner": "bacardi", "owned": "bacardi-rum", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bacardi-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bacardi", "owned": "havana-club-us", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bacardi-brands; src-bacardi-havana-club-2016; src-bacardi-havana-club-range; src-bacardi-havana-club-appeal-2011; src-pernod-urd-fy25", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bacardi", "owned": "grey-goose", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2004-08-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bacardi-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bacardi", "owned": "bombay-sapphire", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bacardi-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bacardi", "owned": "martini", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bacardi-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bacardi", "owned": "patron", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2018-05-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bacardi-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bacardi", "owned": "dewars", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bacardi-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "badr-airlines", "owned": "badr-airlines-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-badr-airlines-about-us", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bahamasair-holdings", "owned": "bahamasair-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bahamasair-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bahlsen", "owned": "bahlsen-biscuits", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bahlsen-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bahlsen", "owned": "leibniz", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bahlsen-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bahlsen", "owned": "rawbite", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bahlsen-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "baidu", "owned": "baidu-search", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-baidu-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "baidu", "owned": "baidu-maps", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-baidu-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "baidu", "owned": "baidu-wiki", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-baidu-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "baidu", "owned": "baidu-knows", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-baidu-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "baidu", "owned": "baidu-experience", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-baidu-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "baidu", "owned": "baidu-post", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-baidu-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "baidu", "owned": "haokan", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-baidu-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "baidu", "owned": "yy-live", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2025-02-25", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-baidu-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "baidu", "owned": "ernie-bot", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-baidu-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "baidu", "owned": "baidu-wenku", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-baidu-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "baidu", "owned": "baidu-drive", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-baidu-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "baidu", "owned": "apollo-go", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-baidu-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "baidu", "owned": "dueros", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-baidu-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "baidu", "owned": "xiaodu", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-baidu-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "baidu", "owned": "iqiyi", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 45.1, "relationship": "minority", "valid_from": "2012-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-baidu-20f-2026; src-iqiyi-20f-2025", "notes": "Baidu's own annual report says only that it continues to control iQIYI and consolidates it. iQIYI's separate annual report puts Baidu's holding at approximately 45.1 per cent of the shares and 89.1 per cent of the voting power as of 28 February 2026, the dual-class structure being what gives Baidu control, and calls itself a controlled company under Nasdaq rules for that reason. Baidu obtained the controlling interest in November 2012, but only the year is recorded here." }, { "owner": "bajaj-auto", "owned": "pulsar", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bajaj-auto-ar-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bajaj-auto", "owned": "platina", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bajaj-auto-ar-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bajaj-auto", "owned": "bajaj-boxer", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bajaj-auto-ar-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bajaj-auto", "owned": "bajaj-ct", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bajaj-auto-ar-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bajaj-auto", "owned": "bajaj-discover", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bajaj-auto-ar-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bajaj-auto", "owned": "bajaj-freedom", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bajaj-auto-ar-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bajaj-auto", "owned": "bajaj-avenger", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bajaj-auto-ar-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bajaj-auto", "owned": "bajaj-dominar", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bajaj-auto-ar-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bajaj-auto", "owned": "chetak", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bajaj-auto-ar-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bajaj-auto", "owned": "bajaj-wego", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bajaj-auto-ar-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bajaj-auto", "owned": "bajaj-riki", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bajaj-auto-ar-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bajaj-auto", "owned": "bajaj-qute", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bajaj-auto-ar-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bajaj-auto", "owned": "triumph-motorcycles", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bajaj-auto-ar-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Triumph name is owned by Triumph Motorcycles Ltd." }, { "owner": "bajaj-auto", "owned": "bajaj-mobility", "owned_type": "company", "stake_pct": 74.94, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2025-11-18", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bajaj-auto-ar-2026; src-bajaj-mobility-ar-2025", "notes": "Held through Bajaj Auto International Holdings BV, which took Bajaj Auto International Holdings AG (formerly Pierer Bajaj AG) from 49.9 to 100 per cent on 18 November 2025. That company holds 74.94 per cent of Bajaj Mobility AG; the remaining quarter is free float on the SIX Swiss Exchange and the Vienna Stock Exchange. Bajaj Mobility in turn holds all of KTM AG." }, { "owner": "bajaj-mobility", "owned": "ktm", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bajaj-mobility-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bajaj-mobility", "owned": "husqvarna-motorcycles", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bajaj-mobility-ar-2025; src-husqvarna-group-history-timeline", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Husqvarna Motorcycles name is owned by Husqvarna Group." }, { "owner": "bajaj-mobility", "owned": "gasgas", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2020-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bajaj-mobility-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bakhresa-group", "owned": "azam", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bakhresa-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bakhresa-group", "owned": "african-fruti", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bakhresa-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bakhresa-group", "owned": "uhai", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bakhresa-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bakhresa-group", "owned": "azam-tv", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bakhresa-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bakhresa-group", "owned": "azampesa", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bakhresa-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bakhresa-group", "owned": "azampay", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bakhresa-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bakkafrost", "owned": "bakkafrost-salmon", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bakkafrost-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bakkafrost", 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"relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bpc-otc-products", "notes": null }, { "owner": "birzeit-pharmaceutical", "owned": "nirvin", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bpc-otc-products", "notes": null }, { "owner": "birzeit-pharmaceutical", "owned": "oracal", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bpc-otc-products", "notes": null }, { "owner": "birzeit-pharmaceutical", "owned": "pantinol-plus", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bpc-otc-products", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bissell", "owned": "bissell-brand", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bissell-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bitburger-braugruppe", "owned": "bitburger-beer", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bitburger-braugruppe-marken", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bitburger-braugruppe", "owned": "koenig-pilsener", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2004-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bitburger-braugruppe-marken", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bitburger-braugruppe", "owned": "koestritzer", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1991-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bitburger-braugruppe-marken", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bitburger-braugruppe", "owned": "licher-beer", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2004-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bitburger-braugruppe-marken", "notes": null }, { "owner": "black-decker-corp", "owned": "black-decker-brand", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1910-01-01", "valid_to": "2010-03-12", "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "stanley-merges-black-decker-2010", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-swk-10k-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "black-decker-corp", "owned": "dewalt", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1960-01-01", "valid_to": "2010-03-12", "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "stanley-merges-black-decker-2010", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-swk-10k-2025", "notes": "Black & Decker acquired DeWalt in 1960 and relaunched it as its professional tool line in 1992." }, { "owner": "block-inc", "owned": "square", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-block-inc-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "block-inc", "owned": "cash-app", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-block-inc-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "block-inc", "owned": "afterpay", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2022-01-31", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, 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"bonefish-grill", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-bloomin-brands-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bloomin-brands", "owned": "flemings-prime-steakhouse", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-bloomin-brands-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "blue-diamond", "owned": "blue-diamond-almonds", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-blue-diamond-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "blue-diamond", "owned": "almond-breeze", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": 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"owner": "bmmi", "owned": "natures-origins", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bmmi-fs-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bmw-group", "owned": "bmw", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bmw-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bmw-group", "owned": "mini", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2000-05-09", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bmw-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bmw-group", "owned": "rolls-royce-cars", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2003-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bmw-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bmw-group", "owned": "bmw-motorrad", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bmw-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "boissons-du-cameroun", "owned": "beaufort-lager", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-sabc-histoire", "notes": null }, { "owner": "boissons-du-cameroun", "owned": "beaufort-light", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-sabc-histoire", "notes": null }, { "owner": "boissons-du-cameroun", "owned": "manyan", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-sabc-histoire", "notes": null }, { "owner": "boissons-du-cameroun", "owned": "chill-cameroun", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-sabc-histoire", "notes": null }, { "owner": "boissons-du-cameroun", "owned": "top-cameroun", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-sabc-histoire", "notes": null }, { "owner": "boissons-du-cameroun", "owned": "youzou-cameroun", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-sabc-histoire", "notes": "Territorial rights: this record covers one market only. See the brand page for who owns the name elsewhere." }, { "owner": "boissons-du-cameroun", "owned": "source-tangui", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-sabc-histoire", "notes": null }, { "owner": "boissons-du-cameroun", "owned": "eau-vitale", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-sabc-histoire", "notes": null }, { "owner": "boissons-du-cameroun", "owned": "aquabelle", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-sabc-histoire", "notes": null }, { "owner": "boissons-du-cameroun", "owned": "booster-cameroun", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-sabc-histoire", "notes": null }, { "owner": "boissons-du-cameroun", "owned": "vimto-cameroun", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-sabc-histoire", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Vimto name is owned by Nichols International." }, { "owner": "boliviana-de-aviacion", "owned": "boliviana-de-aviacion-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-boa-perfil-corporativo", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bolton-group", "owned": "rio-mare", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1965-01-01", 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"confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bolton-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bolton-group", "owned": "cavailles", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1998-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bolton-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bolton-group", "owned": "chilly", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2003-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bolton-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bolton-group", "owned": "collistar", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1993-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bolton-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bolton-group", "owned": "botot", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bolton-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bolton-group", "owned": "omino-bianco", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1981-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bolton-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bolton-group", "owned": "wc-net", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bolton-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bombril", "owned": "bom-bril-steel-wool", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bombril-ri-profile", 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"deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bonia-corp-history", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bonia-corporation", "owned": "braun-buffel", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 70, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2010-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bonia-corp-history", "notes": null }, { "owner": "boohoo-group", "owned": "boohoo", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-boohoo-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "boohoo-group", "owned": "prettylittlething", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2017-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-boohoo-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "boohoo-group", "owned": "debenhams", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2021-01-25", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-boohoo-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "boohoo-group", "owned": "karen-millen", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2019-08-06", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-boohoo-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "booking-holdings", "owned": "booking-com", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2005-09-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "priceline-acquires-booking-com-2005", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-booking-holdings-10k-2026; src-bkng-booking-2005", "notes": null }, { "owner": "booking-holdings", "owned": "priceline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-booking-holdings-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "booking-holdings", "owned": "kayak", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2013-05-21", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "priceline-acquires-kayak-2013", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-booking-holdings-10k-2026; src-bkng-kayak-2013", "notes": null }, { "owner": "booking-holdings", "owned": "opentable", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2014-07-24", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "priceline-acquires-opentable-2014", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-booking-holdings-10k-2026; src-bkng-opentable-2014", "notes": null }, { "owner": "booking-holdings", "owned": "agoda", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2007-11-06", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "priceline-acquires-agoda-2007", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-booking-holdings-10k-2026; src-bkng-agoda-2007", "notes": null }, { "owner": "booking-holdings", "owned": "rentalcars-com", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2010-05-26", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "priceline-acquires-rentalcars-2010", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-booking-holdings-10k-2026; src-bkng-rentalcars-2010", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bosideng-international", "owned": "bosideng", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bosideng-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bosideng-international", "owned": "snow-flying", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bosideng-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bosideng-international", "owned": "binjora", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bosideng-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bosideng-international", "owned": "jessie-ladieswear", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2011-11-04", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bosideng-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bosideng-international", "owned": "buou-buou", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2016-07-22", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bosideng-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bosideng-international", "owned": "koreano", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2017-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bosideng-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bosideng-international", "owned": "klova", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2017-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bosideng-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "boston-beer", "owned": "samuel-adams", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-boston-beer-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "boston-beer", "owned": "truly", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-boston-beer-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "boston-beer", "owned": "twisted-tea", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-boston-beer-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "boston-beer", "owned": "angry-orchard", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-boston-beer-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "boston-beer", "owned": "dogfish-head", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2019-07-03", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-boston-beer-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bowen-and-bowen", "owned": "belikin", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bowen-history", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bowen-and-bowen", "owned": "belikin-stout", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bowen-history", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bowen-and-bowen", "owned": "lighthouse-lager", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bowen-history", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bowen-and-bowen", "owned": "two-5-brewing", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bowen-history", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bowen-and-bowen", "owned": "crystal-water-belize", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bowen-history", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bowen-and-bowen", "owned": "juce-belize", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bowen-history", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bowen-and-bowen", "owned": "naybaz", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bowen-history", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bralirwa", "owned": "primus-beer", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bralirwa-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bralirwa", "owned": "mutzig-rwanda", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bralirwa-ar-2025", "notes": "Territorial rights: this record covers one market only. See the brand page for who owns the name elsewhere." }, { "owner": "bralirwa", "owned": "turbo-king-rwanda", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bralirwa-ar-2025", "notes": "Territorial rights: this record covers one market only. See the brand page for who owns the name elsewhere." }, { "owner": "bralirwa", "owned": "vital-o", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bralirwa-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bralirwa", "owned": "cheetah-energy-drink", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bralirwa-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "bralirwa", "owned": "coca-cola-rwanda", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "1974-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-bralirwa-ar-2025", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Coca-Cola name is owned by The Coca-Cola Company." }, { "owner": "brana", "owned": "prestige", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-brana-nos-marques", "notes": null }, { "owner": "brana", "owned": "kinanm", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-brana-nos-marques", "notes": null }, { "owner": "brana", "owned": "malta-h", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-brana-nos-marques", "notes": null }, { "owner": "brana", "owned": "toro", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-brana-nos-marques", "notes": null }, { "owner": "brana", "owned": "la-benedicta", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-brana-nos-marques", "notes": null }, { "owner": "brana", "owned": "guinness-haiti", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-brana-nos-marques", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Guinness name is owned by Diageo plc." }, { "owner": "brana", "owned": "pepsi-haiti", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "1973-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-brana-nos-marques; src-brana-pepsi; src-brana-histoire", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; 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"manuia", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-brasserie-tahiti-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "brasserie-de-tahiti", "owned": "tabu", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-brasserie-tahiti-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "brasserie-de-tahiti", "owned": "tahiti-drink", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-brasserie-tahiti-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "brasserie-de-tahiti", "owned": "eau-royale", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2000-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-brasserie-tahiti-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "brasserie-de-tahiti", "owned": "rotui", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2001-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-brasserie-tahiti-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "brasserie-de-tahiti", "owned": "vaiti", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-brasserie-tahiti-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "brasserie-de-tahiti", "owned": "coca-cola-tahiti", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "1959-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-brasserie-tahiti-brands", "notes": "Made 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"sources": "src-canal-plus-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "canal-plus", "owned": "viu", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 37.32, "relationship": "minority", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-canal-plus-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "canal-plus", "owned": "ugc", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 34, "relationship": "minority", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-canal-plus-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "canal-plus", "owned": "multichoice", "owned_type": "company", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2025-09-20", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-canal-plus-ar-2025", "notes": "Canal+ obtained control of MultiChoice on 20 September 2025 with 48.2 per cent, once the South African Competition Tribunal's reorganisation lifted the scale-back on its voting rights; the mandatory takeover offer became unconditional on 22 September. Its holding reached 96.0 per cent when the offer closed on 13 October 2025, and a squeeze-out notice issued on 24 October took it to the entire share capital. MultiChoice was delisted from the JSE on 10 December 2025." }, { "owner": "cantabria-labs", "owned": "heliocare", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-cantabria-labs-story", "notes": null }, { "owner": "cantabria-labs", "owned": "aktuva", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-cantabria-labs-story", "notes": null }, { "owner": "cantabria-labs", "owned": "endocare", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-cantabria-labs-story", "notes": null }, { "owner": "cantabria-labs", "owned": "neoretin", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-cantabria-labs-story", "notes": null }, { "owner": "cantabria-labs", "owned": "biretix", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-cantabria-labs-story", "notes": null }, { "owner": "cantabria-labs", "owned": "skin-resist", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-cantabria-labs-story", "notes": null }, { "owner": "cantabria-labs", "owned": "iraltone", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-cantabria-labs-story", "notes": null }, { "owner": "capcom", "owned": "resident-evil", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-capcom-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "capcom", "owned": "street-fighter", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-capcom-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "capcom", "owned": "monster-hunter", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-capcom-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "capcom", "owned": "mega-man", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-capcom-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "cape-air", "owned": "cape-air-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-cape-air-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "capital-diamond-star-group", "owned": "premier", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-cdsg-website", "notes": null }, { "owner": "capital-diamond-star-group", "owned": "diamond-star-flour", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-cdsg-website", "notes": null }, { "owner": "capital-diamond-star-group", "owned": "wah-lah", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-cdsg-website", "notes": null }, { "owner": "capri-holdings", "owned": "michael-kors", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-capri-holdings-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "capri-holdings", "owned": "versace", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2018-12-31", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "capri-acquires-versace-2018", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-capri-holdings-10k-2026; 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the KFC name is owned by Yum! Brands, Inc." }, { "owner": "cargills-ceylon", "owned": "cargills-online", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-cargills-ar-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "cargolux-airlines-international", "owned": "cargolux-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-cargolux-results-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "carhartt", "owned": "carhartt-brand", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-carhartt-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "caribbean-airlines", "owned": "caribbean-airlines-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-caribbean-airlines-paec-2013", "notes": null }, { "owner": "carlsberg", "owned": "carlsberg-beer", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-carlsberg-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "carlsberg", "owned": "tuborg", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-carlsberg-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "carlsberg", "owned": "kronenbourg", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2008-04-28", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "heineken-carlsberg-acquire-scottish-newcastle-2008", "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-carlsberg-ar-2025; src-heineken-carlsberg-sn-2008", "notes": null }, { "owner": "carlsberg", "owned": "somersby", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-carlsberg-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "carlsberg", "owned": "baltika", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": "2024-12-04", "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-carlsberg-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "carlsberg", "owned": "grimbergen", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2008-04-28", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-carlsberg-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "carozzi", "owned": "costa-chocolates", 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"notes": null }, { "owner": "church-and-dwight", "owned": "trojan", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2001-09-28", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "church-dwight-acquires-carter-wallace-2001", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-church-and-dwight-10k-2026; src-cd-carter-wallace-2001", "notes": null }, { "owner": "church-and-dwight", "owned": "oxiclean", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2006-08-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "church-dwight-acquires-orange-glo-2006", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-church-and-dwight-10k-2026; src-cd-orangeglo-2006", "notes": null }, { "owner": "church-and-dwight", "owned": "first-response", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2001-09-28", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "church-dwight-acquires-carter-wallace-2001", 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"conagra", "owned": "slim-jim", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-conagra-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "conagra", "owned": "duncan-hines", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2018-10-26", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "conagra-acquires-pinnacle-2018", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-conagra-10k-2026; src-conagra-10k-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "conagra", "owned": "orville-redenbacher", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-conagra-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "conagra", "owned": "reddi-wip", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, 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"notes": null }, { "owner": "conagra", "owned": "gardein", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2018-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-conagra-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "conagra", "owned": "udis", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2018-10-26", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "conagra-acquires-pinnacle-2018", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-conagra-10k-2026; src-conagra-10k-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "conagra", "owned": "hunts", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-conagra-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "conagra", "owned": "banquet", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": 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"valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-conaprole-memoria-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "conaprole", "owned": "conamigos", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-conaprole-memoria-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "conaprole", "owned": "polar-food", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-conaprole-memoria-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "condor-flugdienst", "owned": "condor-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-condor-ar-2024-25", "notes": null }, { "owner": 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See the brand page for who owns the name elsewhere." }, { "owner": "constellation-brands", "owned": "modelo-especial", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2013-06-07", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "constellation-acquires-modelo-us-2013", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-constellation-brands-10k-2026; src-doj-modelo-2013", "notes": "Territorial rights: this record covers one market only. See the brand page for who owns the name elsewhere." }, { "owner": "constellation-brands", "owned": "pacifico", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2013-06-07", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "constellation-acquires-modelo-us-2013", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-constellation-brands-10k-2026; src-doj-modelo-2013", "notes": "Territorial rights: this record covers one market only. See the brand page for who owns the name elsewhere." }, { "owner": "constellation-brands", "owned": "robert-mondavi", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2004-12-22", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-constellation-brands-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "constellation-brands", "owned": "kim-crawford", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-constellation-brands-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "constellation-brands", "owned": "svedka", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-constellation-brands-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "constellation-brands", "owned": 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"via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-chortitzer-peg-usd1-2023", "notes": null }, { "owner": "cooperativa-chortitzer", "owned": "frigochorti", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-chortitzer-peg-usd1-2023", "notes": null }, { "owner": "cooperativa-chortitzer", "owned": "supermercados-chortitzer", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-chortitzer-peg-usd1-2023", "notes": null }, { "owner": "copa-holdings", "owned": "copa-airlines", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 99.9, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-copa-holdings-20f-2026", 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"valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-delta-ar-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the name is owned by another company." }, { "owner": "delta-corporation", "owned": "carling-black-label", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-delta-ar-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Black Label name is owned by Anheuser-Busch InBev." }, { "owner": "delta-corporation", "owned": "lion-lager", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-delta-ar-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the name is owned by another company." }, { "owner": "delta-corporation", "owned": "eagle-lager", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-delta-ar-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the name is owned by another company." }, { "owner": "delta-corporation", "owned": "flying-fish", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-delta-ar-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the name is owned by another company." }, { "owner": "delta-corporation", "owned": "mazoe", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-delta-ar-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Mazoe name is owned by The Coca-Cola Company." }, { "owner": "delta-corporation", "owned": "sparletta", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-delta-ar-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Sparletta name is owned by The Coca-Cola Company." }, { "owner": "delta-galil", "owned": "seven-for-all-mankind", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2016-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-delta-galil-periodic-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "delta-galil", "owned": "splendid", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2016-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-delta-galil-periodic-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "delta-galil", "owned": "pj-salvage", "owned_type": "brand", 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"reported", "sources": "src-oulmes-histoire", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Orangina name is owned by Suntory Beverage & Food." }, { "owner": "ebay-inc", "owned": "ebay", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-ebay-inc-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "ebay-inc", "owned": "depop", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2026-07-30", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "ebay-acquires-depop-2026", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-ebay-inc-10k-2026; src-etsy-depop-sale-8k-2026; src-etsy-10q-q3-2021", "notes": null }, { "owner": "ebro-foods", "owned": "sos-rice", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2011-09-16", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-ebro-foods-accounts-2025; src-ebro-2011-09-16-deoleo-rice", "notes": null }, { "owner": "ebro-foods", "owned": "brillante", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-ebro-foods-accounts-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "ebro-foods", "owned": "la-fallera", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-ebro-foods-accounts-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "ebro-foods", "owned": "lassie-rice", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2011-09-16", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-ebro-foods-accounts-2025; src-ebro-2011-09-16-deoleo-rice", "notes": null }, { "owner": "ebro-foods", "owned": "risella", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-ebro-foods-accounts-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "ebro-foods", "owned": "mahatma", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2004-09-02", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-ebro-foods-accounts-2025; src-ebro-2004-09-05-riviana-completed", "notes": null }, { "owner": "ebro-foods", "owned": "success-rice", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2004-09-02", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-ebro-foods-accounts-2025; src-ebro-2004-09-05-riviana-completed", "notes": null }, { "owner": "ebro-foods", "owned": "minute-rice", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, 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"owner": "eckes-granini-group", "owned": "elmenhorster", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2006-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-eckes-granini-history", "notes": null }, { "owner": "eckes-granini-group", "owned": "rea-juice", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1998-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-eckes-granini-history", "notes": null }, { "owner": "ecojet-sa", "owned": "ecojet-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-ecojet-company", "notes": null }, { "owner": "ecolab", "owned": "ecolab-institutional", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": 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See the brand page for who owns the name elsewhere." }, { "owner": "edita", "owned": "hohos-mena", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2013-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-edita-company-profile", "notes": "Territorial rights: this record covers one market only. See the brand page for who owns the name elsewhere." }, { "owner": "edita", "owned": "tiger-tail-mena", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2013-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-edita-company-profile", "notes": "Territorial rights: this record covers one market only. See the brand page for who owns the name elsewhere." }, { "owner": "edreams-odigeo", "owned": "edreams", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-edreams-odigeo-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "edreams-odigeo", "owned": "go-voyages", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2011-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-edreams-odigeo-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "edreams-odigeo", "owned": "travellink", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2011-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-edreams-odigeo-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "edreams-odigeo", "owned": "liligo", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 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"brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2025-12-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "gildan-acquires-hanesbrands-2025", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-gildan-40f-2026; src-hanesbrands-8k-closing-2025; src-hanesbrands-10k-2024; src-gildan-aif-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "gildan", "owned": "comfortwash", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2025-12-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "gildan-acquires-hanesbrands-2025", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-gildan-40f-2026; src-hanesbrands-8k-closing-2025; src-hanesbrands-10k-2024; src-gildan-aif-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "gildan", "owned": "bonds-apparel", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2025-12-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "gildan-acquires-hanesbrands-2025", "confidence": "verified", "sources": 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See the brand page for who owns the name elsewhere." }, { "owner": "gildan", "owned": "sheridan-home", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2025-12-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "gildan-acquires-hanesbrands-2025", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-gildan-40f-2026; src-hanesbrands-8k-closing-2025; src-hanesbrands-10k-2024; src-gildan-aif-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "gillette-company", "owned": "gillette", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1901-01-01", "valid_to": "2005-10-01", "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "pg-acquires-gillette-2005", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-pg-10k-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "gillette-company", "owned": "oral-b", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": "2005-10-01", "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "pg-acquires-gillette-2005", "confidence": 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"", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-grindr-inc-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "groupe-bernard-hayot", "owned": "rhum-clement", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-spiribam-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "groupe-bernard-hayot", "owned": "rhum-jm", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-spiribam-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "groupe-bernard-hayot", "owned": "joseph-cartron", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2021-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-spiribam-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "groupe-bernard-hayot", "owned": "st-lucia-distillers", "owned_type": "company", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2016-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-gbh-nos-activites; src-sld-our-story", "notes": "GBH's own account of its activities says that since 2016 the group has held the Saint Lucian rum distillery Saint Lucia Distillers, which produces and sells the Bounty and Chairman's Reserve brands, and that its subsidiary Spiribam markets them in more than 70 countries. No month or day is given, so only the year is recorded. The distillery's own timeline still ends with CLICO buying out the Barnard family in 2005 and does not mention GBH at all." }, { "owner": "groupe-dubreuil-aero", "owned": "air-caraibes-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-air-caraibes-dubreuil", "notes": null }, { "owner": "groupe-dubreuil-aero", "owned": "french-bee-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-air-caraibes-dubreuil", "notes": null }, { "owner": "groupe-eram", "owned": "eram-shoes", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-groupe-eram-marques", "notes": null }, { 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"sol", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2010-04-30", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "heineken-acquires-femsa-beer-2010", "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-heineken-ar-2025; src-heineken-femsa-2010", "notes": null }, { "owner": "heineken", "owned": "dos-equis", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2010-04-30", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "heineken-acquires-femsa-beer-2010", "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-heineken-ar-2025; src-heineken-femsa-2010", "notes": null }, { "owner": "heineken", "owned": "birra-moretti", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-heineken-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "heineken", "owned": "affligem", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-heineken-ar-2025", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Affligem name is owned by Abdij Affligem." }, { "owner": "heineken", "owned": "strongbow", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2008-04-28", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "heineken-carlsberg-acquire-scottish-newcastle-2008", "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-heineken-ar-2025; src-heineken-carlsberg-sn-2008", "notes": null }, { "owner": "heineken", "owned": "lagunitas", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2017-05-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "heineken-acquires-lagunitas-2017", "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-heineken-ar-2025; src-heineken-lagunitas-2017", "notes": null }, { "owner": "heineken", "owned": "cruzcampo", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-heineken-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "heineken", "owned": "nigerian-breweries", "owned_type": "company", "stake_pct": 72.9, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-nigerian-breweries-ar-2025", "notes": "Nigerian Breweries Plc's 2025 annual report states that HEINEKEN N.V. of the Netherlands holds approximately 72.9 per cent of its equity and is its ultimate holding company. The date Heineken first took control is not given in that report, so no start date is recorded." }, { "owner": "heineken", "owned": "brana", "owned_type": "company", "stake_pct": 95, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-brana-histoire; src-heineken-ar-2025; src-drinksint-brana-2011", "notes": "Heineken bought 22.5 per cent of BRANA in 1985. It announced on 14 December 2011 that it would take the holding to 95 per cent, buying the shares from BRANA's management and private shareholders, with completion expected in January 2012; no completion date was ever published, so none is recorded and the 14 December date is left where it belongs, on the announcement. Heineken's own 2025 annual report consolidates Brasserie Nationale d'Haiti S.A. as a subsidiary but states no percentage." }, { "owner": "helen-of-troy", "owned": "oxo-good-grips", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2004-06-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "helen-of-troy-acquires-oxo-2004", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-helen-of-troy-10k-2026; src-hot-oxo-2004", "notes": null }, { "owner": "helen-of-troy", "owned": "hydro-flask", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2016-03-18", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "helen-of-troy-acquires-hydro-flask-2016", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-helen-of-troy-10k-2026; src-hot-hydroflask-2016", "notes": null }, { "owner": "helen-of-troy", "owned": "osprey", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2021-12-29", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "helen-of-troy-acquires-osprey-2021", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-helen-of-troy-10k-2026; src-hot-osprey-2021", "notes": null }, { "owner": "helen-of-troy", "owned": "pur-water", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2012-12-31", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "helen-of-troy-acquires-pur-2012", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-helen-of-troy-10k-2026; src-hot-pur-2012", "notes": null }, { "owner": "helen-of-troy", "owned": "hot-tools", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-helen-of-troy-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hello-group", "owned": "momo-app", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-hello-group-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hello-group", "owned": "tantan", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-hello-group-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hello-group", "owned": "happn", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-hello-group-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hello-group", "owned": "hertz-voice-social", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-hello-group-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hemas-holdings", "owned": "baby-cheramy", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hemas-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hemas-holdings", "owned": "kumarika", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hemas-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hemas-holdings", "owned": "velvet-sri-lanka", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hemas-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hemas-holdings", "owned": "clogard", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hemas-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hemas-holdings", "owned": "diva-sri-lanka", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hemas-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hemas-holdings", "owned": "fems", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hemas-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hemas-holdings", "owned": "dandex", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hemas-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hemas-holdings", "owned": "vivya", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hemas-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hemas-holdings", "owned": "gold-grooming", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hemas-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hemas-holdings", "owned": "atlas-stationery", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hemas-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hengan-international", "owned": "hearttex", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hengan-annual-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hengan-international", "owned": "pino-tissue", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hengan-annual-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hengan-international", "owned": "anerle", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hengan-annual-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hengan-international", "owned": "q-mo-diapers", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hengan-annual-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hengan-international", "owned": "space-7", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hengan-annual-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hengan-international", "owned": "elderjoy", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hengan-annual-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hengan-international", "owned": "p-love", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 56.73, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hengan-annual-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "henkel", "owned": "olaplex", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2026-07-07", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "henkel-acquires-olaplex-2026", "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-henkel-ar-2025; src-henkel-olaplex-completion-2026; src-henkel-olaplex-announcement-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "henkel", "owned": "persil-germany", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-henkel-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "henkel", "owned": "schwarzkopf", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-henkel-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "henkel", "owned": "loctite", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-henkel-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "henkel", "owned": "pritt", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-henkel-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "henkel", "owned": "pattex", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-henkel-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "henkel", "owned": "somat", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-henkel-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "henkel", "owned": "pril", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-henkel-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "henkel", "owned": "syoss", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-henkel-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "henkel", "owned": "gotd2b", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-henkel-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "henkel", "owned": "dial", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2004-03-30", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-henkel-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "henkel", "owned": "purex", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2004-03-30", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-henkel-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "henkel", "owned": "snuggle", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2016-09-02", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-vestar-sun-products-henkel-2016", "notes": "Acquired with The Sun Products Corporation, which Vestar Capital Partners sold to Henkel Consumer Goods Inc." }, { "owner": "herbalife", "owned": "herbalife-formula-1", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-herbalife-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "herbalife", "owned": "herbalife24", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-herbalife-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "herbalife", "owned": "liftoff", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-herbalife-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "herbalife", "owned": "niteworks", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-herbalife-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hermes", "owned": "hermes-brand", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hermes-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hermes", "owned": "john-lobb", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hermes-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-group", "owned": "corny", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-group", "owned": "deliciously-ella", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2024-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-group", "owned": "beech-nut", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2005-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-ar-2025; src-hero-history-2000-2022", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-group", "owned": "baby-gourmet", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2021-01-18", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-ar-2025; src-hero-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-group", "owned": "hero-baby", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-group", "owned": "semper", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2006-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-ar-2025; src-hero-history-2000-2022", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-group", "owned": "sunar", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2002-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-ar-2025; src-hero-history-2000-2022", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-group", "owned": "freche-freunde", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-group", "owned": "organix", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2008-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-ar-2025; src-hero-history-2000-2022", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-group", "owned": "goodies", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-group", "owned": "hero", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-group", "owned": "schwartau", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-group", "owned": "vitrac", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2005-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-ar-2025; src-hero-history-2000-2022", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-group", "owned": "queensberry", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 50, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-ar-2025", "notes": "Queensberry belongs to Hero Brasil S.A., in which Hero AG holds a 50% equity interest and which it consolidates in full." }, { "owner": "hero-group", "owned": "pinati", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 37.5, "relationship": "minority", "valid_from": "2025-09-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-ar-2025; src-hero-acquires-super-saude-2025", "notes": "Held through Hero Brasil S.A. and Super Saúde Nutricional S.A.; Hero AG's equity interest in Super Saúde is 37.5%, and it consolidates the company in full because it holds the majority of the voting rights." }, { "owner": "hero-group", "owned": "the-gut-stuff", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2026-04-22", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-ar-2025; src-hero-acquires-gut-stuff-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-group", "owned": "hero-solo", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-ar-2025; src-hero-madrenatura-buyout-2025; src-hero-solo-es", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-motocorp", "owned": "splendor", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-annual-2024-25", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-motocorp", "owned": "hf-deluxe", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-annual-2024-25", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-motocorp", "owned": "passion", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-annual-2024-25", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-motocorp", "owned": "glamour", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-annual-2024-25", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-motocorp", "owned": "xtreme", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-annual-2024-25", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-motocorp", "owned": "xpulse", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-annual-2024-25", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-motocorp", "owned": "karizma", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-annual-2024-25", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-motocorp", "owned": "destini", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-annual-2024-25", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-motocorp", "owned": "xoom", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-annual-2024-25", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-motocorp", "owned": "pleasure", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-annual-2024-25", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-motocorp", "owned": "vida", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-annual-2024-25", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-motocorp", "owned": "mavrick-440", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-annual-2024-25", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hero-motocorp", "owned": "harley-davidson", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hero-annual-2024-25", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Harley-Davidson name is owned by 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"valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-hershey-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hershey", "owned": "twizzlers", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1977-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-hershey-10k-2026; src-hershey-history-page", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hershey", "owned": "ice-breakers", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-hershey-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hershey", "owned": "skinnypop", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2018-01-31", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-hershey-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hershey", "owned": "dots-pretzels", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2021-12-13", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-hershey-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hershey", "owned": "kitkat-us", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-hershey-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the KitKat name is owned by Nestlé." }, { "owner": "hershey", "owned": "cadbury-us", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-hershey-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Cadbury name is owned by Mondelēz International." }, { "owner": "hershey", "owned": "york-peppermint", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-hershey-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hershey", "owned": "almond-joy", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-hershey-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hershey", "owned": "heath-bar", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-hershey-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hershey", "owned": "payday", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-hershey-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hevilift-limited", "owned": "hevilift-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hevilift-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hh-group", "owned": "swisse", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hh-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hh-group", "owned": "biostime", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hh-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hh-group", "owned": "zesty-paws", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hh-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hh-group", "owned": "solid-gold", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hh-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hh-group", "owned": "dodie", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hh-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hh-group", "owned": "good-gout", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2018-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hh-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hi-fly-group", "owned": "hi-fly-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hi-fly-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "high-liner-foods", "owned": "high-liner", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-high-liner-aif-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "high-liner-foods", "owned": "sea-cuisine", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-high-liner-aif-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "high-liner-foods", "owned": "fisher-boy", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1986-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-high-liner-aif-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "high-liner-foods", "owned": "mrs-pauls", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2025-06-30", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-high-liner-aif-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "high-liner-foods", "owned": "van-de-kamps", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2025-06-30", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-high-liner-aif-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hilding-anders-group", "owned": "carpe-diem-beds", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hilding-anders-our-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hilding-anders-group", "owned": "jensen-beds", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hilding-anders-our-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hilding-anders-group", "owned": "bico-beds", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hilding-anders-our-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hillshire-brands", "owned": "hillshire-farm", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2012-06-29", "valid_to": "2014-08-28", "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "tyson-acquires-hillshire-2014", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-tyson-10k-2025", "notes": "Held by Sara Lee before the 2012 split that created Hillshire Brands." }, { "owner": "hillshire-brands", "owned": "ball-park", "owned_type": 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"relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2012-06-29", "valid_to": "2014-08-28", "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "tyson-acquires-hillshire-2014", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-tyson-10k-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hilti-group", "owned": "hilti", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hilti-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hilti-group", "owned": "nuron", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hilti-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hilti-group", "owned": "on-track", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hilti-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hilti-group", "owned": "oglaend-system", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2017-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hilti-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hilti-group", "owned": "fieldwire", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2021-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hilti-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hilti-group", "owned": "4ps", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2023-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hilti-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hilton", "owned": "hilton-hotels", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": 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"conrad-hotels", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-hilton-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "himalaya-airlines-pvt", "owned": "himalaya-airlines-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-himalaya-airlines-corporation-information", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hisamitsu-pharmaceutical", "owned": "salonpas", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-hisamitsu-ir-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "hisamitsu-pharmaceutical", "owned": "air-salonpas", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, 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"sources": "src-indofood-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "indofood", "owned": "qtela", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-indofood-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "indofood", "owned": "chiki", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-indofood-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "indofood", "owned": "indofood-sambal", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-indofood-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "indofood", "owned": "indofood-racik", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-indofood-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "indofood", "owned": "promina", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-indofood-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "indofood", "owned": "sun-baby-food", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-indofood-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "indofood", "owned": "ichi-ocha", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-indofood-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "indofood", "owned": "club-water", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2014-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-indofood-ar-2025; src-icbp-ar-2020", "notes": null }, { "owner": "indofood", "owned": "fruitamin", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-indofood-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "indofood", "owned": "segitiga-biru", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1995-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-indofood-ar-2025; src-indofood-history", "notes": null }, { "owner": "indofood", "owned": "cakra-kembar", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1995-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-indofood-ar-2025; src-indofood-history", "notes": null }, { "owner": "indofood", "owned": "la-fonte", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-indofood-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "inghams-group", "owned": "inghams", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-inghams-fy26-financial-report", "notes": null }, { "owner": "inghams-group", "owned": "waitoa", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-inghams-fy26-financial-report", "notes": null }, { "owner": "inghams-group", "owned": "bostocks", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2024-07-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-inghams-fy26-financial-report", "notes": null }, { "owner": "inghams-group", "owned": "marion-bay", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-inghams-fy26-financial-report", "notes": null }, { "owner": "ingka-ikea", "owned": "ikea", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-ikea-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "ingka-ikea", "owned": "billy-bookcase", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-ikea-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "innscor-africa", "owned": "bakers-inn", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-innscor-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "innscor-africa", "owned": "colcom", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-innscor-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "inspire-brands", "owned": "arbys", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-inspire-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "inspire-brands", "owned": "dunkin", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2020-12-15", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "inspire-acquires-dunkin-2020", "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-inspire-brands; src-inspire-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "inspire-brands", "owned": "baskin-robbins", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2020-12-15", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "inspire-acquires-dunkin-2020", "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-inspire-brands; src-inspire-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "inspire-brands", "owned": "buffalo-wild-wings", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2018-02-05", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-inspire-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "inspire-brands", "owned": "sonic-drive-in", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2018-12-07", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-inspire-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "inspire-brands", "owned": "jimmy-johns", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2019-10-18", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-inspire-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "instant-brands-appliances", "owned": "instant-pot", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2023-11-08", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-centrelane-instant-brands-2023", "notes": null }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "rochas", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2015-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "lanvin-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2007-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "goutal-paris", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2025-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "off-white-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2024-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "solferino", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2025-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "jimmy-choo-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2009-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Jimmy Choo Fragrances name is owned by Capri Holdings." }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "coach-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2015-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Coach Fragrances name is owned by Tapestry." }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "montblanc-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2010-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Montblanc Fragrances name is owned by Montblanc." }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "guess-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2018-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the GUESS Fragrances name is owned by GUESS?, Inc." }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "dkny-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2022-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Donna Karan and DKNY Fragrances name is owned by G-III Apparel Group." }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "lacoste-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2024-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Lacoste Fragrances name is owned by Lacoste." }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "ferragamo-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2021-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Ferragamo Fragrances name is owned by Salvatore Ferragamo S.p.A." }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "van-cleef-arpels-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2006-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Van Cleef & Arpels Fragrances name is owned by Van Cleef & Arpels." }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "boucheron-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2010-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Boucheron Fragrances name is owned by Boucheron." }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "karl-lagerfeld-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2012-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Karl Lagerfeld Fragrances name is owned by Karl Lagerfeld B.V." }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "kate-spade-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2019-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Kate Spade New York Fragrances name is owned by Kate Spade New York." }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "mcm-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2019-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the MCM Fragrances name is owned by MCM." }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "moncler-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2020-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Moncler Fragrances name is owned by Moncler." }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "roberto-cavalli-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2023-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Roberto Cavalli Fragrances name is owned by Roberto Cavalli." }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "abercrombie-fitch-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2014-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Abercrombie & Fitch Fragrances name is owned by Abercrombie & Fitch Co." }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "oscar-de-la-renta-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2013-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Oscar de la Renta Fragrances name is owned by Oscar de la Renta." }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "anna-sui-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2011-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Anna Sui Fragrances name is owned by Anna Sui." }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "graff-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2018-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Graff Fragrances name is owned by Graff." }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "emanuel-ungaro-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2021-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Emanuel Ungaro Fragrances name is owned by Emanuel Ungaro." }, { "owner": "inter-parfums", "owned": "longchamp-fragrances", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2025-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-inter-parfums-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Longchamp Fragrances name is owned by Longchamp." }, { "owner": "intercaribbean-airways", "owned": "intercaribbean-airways-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-intercaribbean-our-story", "notes": null }, { "owner": "interface-inc", "owned": "interface-carpet-tile", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-interface-inc-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "interface-inc", "owned": "flor-rugs", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-interface-inc-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "interface-inc", "owned": "nora-flooring", 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"src-kadokawa-group-companies", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kadokawa", "owned": "book-walker", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kadokawa-group-companies", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kadokawa", "owned": "kadokawa-bunko", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kadokawa-group-companies", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kadokawa", "owned": "kakuyomu", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kadokawa-group-companies", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kadokawa", "owned": "fromsoftware", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 69.66, "relationship": 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KADOKAWA lists it as a consolidated subsidiary." }, { "owner": "kadokawa", "owned": "spike-chunsoft", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kadokawa-group-companies", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kadokawa", "owned": "acquire-games", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kadokawa-group-companies", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kadokawa", "owned": "doga-kobo", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kadokawa-group-companies; src-kadokawa-integrated-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kadokawa", "owned": "engi-studio", "owned_type": 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"notes": null }, { "owner": "kakao", "owned": "kakao-pay", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 46.1, "relationship": "minority", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kakao-company-presentation-2026-02", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kakao", "owned": "melon", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 66, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2015-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kakao-company-presentation-2026-02", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kakao", "owned": "piccoma", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 91.1, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kakao-company-presentation-2026-02", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kakao", "owned": "kakao-games", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 37.6, "relationship": "minority", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kakao-company-presentation-2026-02", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kakao", "owned": "sm-entertainment", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 41.5, "relationship": "minority", "valid_from": "2023-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kakao-company-presentation-2026-02", "notes": "Kakao and its subsidiaries together hold 41.5 per cent of SM Entertainment, of which 21.6 per cent is held directly by Kakao Corp. The holding is below half but Kakao consolidates the company rather than accounting for it by the equity method." }, { "owner": "kalbe-farma", "owned": "promag", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kalbe-fs-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kalbe-farma", "owned": "entrostop", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kalbe-fs-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kalbe-farma", "owned": "extra-joss", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kalbe-fs-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kalbe-farma", "owned": "prenagen", "owned_type": "brand", 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"notes": null }, { "owner": "kao", "owned": "attack-detergent", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kao-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kao", "owned": "merries", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kao-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kao", "owned": "jergens", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1988-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kao-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kao", "owned": "john-frieda", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2002-11-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kao-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kao", "owned": "molton-brown", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2005-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kao-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kao", "owned": "curel", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kao-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "karelia-tobacco", "owned": "george-karelias-and-sons", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-karelia-annual-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "karelia-tobacco", "owned": "karelia-s", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, 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"sources": "src-karelia-annual-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "karelia-tobacco", "owned": "american-legend", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-karelia-annual-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "karelia-tobacco", "owned": "leader", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-karelia-annual-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "karelia-tobacco", "owned": "rex", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-karelia-annual-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "karex", "owned": "one-condoms", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2014-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-karex-ar-2025; src-karex-history; src-onecondoms-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "karex", "owned": "myone", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-karex-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "karex", "owned": "trustex", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2019-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-karex-ar-2025; src-karex-history; src-globalprotection-our-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "karex", "owned": "pasante", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2019-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, 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"deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kikkoman-corporate-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kimberly-clark", "owned": "kleenex", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kimberly-clark-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kimberly-clark", "owned": "huggies", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kimberly-clark-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kimberly-clark", "owned": "kotex", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kimberly-clark-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kimberly-clark", "owned": "depend", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kimberly-clark-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kimberly-clark", "owned": "andrex", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kimberly-clark-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kimberly-clark", "owned": "cottonelle", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kimberly-clark-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kimberly-clark", "owned": "scott-paper", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1995-12-12", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kimberly-clark-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kimberly-clark", "owned": "poise", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kimberly-clark-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kimberly-clark", "owned": "pull-ups", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kimberly-clark-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kimberly-clark", "owned": "viva-towels", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kimberly-clark-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kimberly-clark", "owned": "wypall", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kimberly-clark-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kimberly-clark", "owned": "goodnites", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kimberly-clark-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kimberly-clark", "owned": "u-by-kotex", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kimberly-clark-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kinepolis-group", "owned": "kinepolis", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kinepolis-fy2025-results-report", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kinepolis-group", "owned": "landmark-cinemas", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2017-12-08", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kinepolis-fy2025-results-report; src-kinepolis-landmark-completion-2017; src-kinepolis-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kinepolis-group", "owned": "mjr-theatres", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2019-10-14", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kinepolis-fy2025-results-report; src-kinepolis-mjr-completion-2019; src-kinepolis-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kinepolis-group", "owned": "emagine-entertainment", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2026-02-11", "valid_to": null, "via": "", 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The report is the document that names a date, so 11 February is recorded." }, { "owner": "king-car", "owned": "mr-brown-coffee", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kingcar-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "king-car", "owned": "kavalan-whisky", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kingcar-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kingdom-breweries", "owned": "kingdom-beer", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kingdom-breweries-official-site", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kingfisher-plc", "owned": "b-and-q", "owned_type": "brand", 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"kirin", "owned": "four-roses", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2002-02-01", "valid_to": "2026-04-02", "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kirin-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kirin", "owned": "kirin-lemon", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kirin-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kirin", "owned": "gogo-no-kocha", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kirin-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kiss-products", "owned": "kiss-nails", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": 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null }, { "owner": "kofola-ceskoslovensko", "owned": "kofola", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kofola-annual-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kofola-ceskoslovensko", "owned": "vinea", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kofola-annual-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kofola-ceskoslovensko", "owned": "rajec-water", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kofola-annual-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kofola-ceskoslovensko", "owned": "radenska", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", 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"valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kommunarka-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kommunarka-confectionery", "owned": "protein-22", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kommunarka-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kommunarka-confectionery", "owned": "kommunarka-chocolate", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kommunarka-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "konami-group", "owned": "metal-gear", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-konami-corporate-profile-2026", 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"valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-korean-air-dart-registration-statement-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kormotech", "owned": "optimeal", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kormotech-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kormotech", "owned": "club-4-paws", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kormotech-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kormotech", "owned": "delickcious", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kormotech-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": 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"confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kose-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kose", "owned": "albion-cosmetics", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 79.5, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kose-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kose", "owned": "tarte", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2014-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kose-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kose", "owned": "jill-stuart-beauty", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kose-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kose", "owned": "addiction-beauty", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kose-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kose", "owned": "esprique", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kose-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kose", "owned": "panpuri", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 79.8, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2024-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kose-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "koton", "owned": "koton-brand", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-koton-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": 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See the brand page for who owns the name elsewhere." }, { "owner": "kraft-heinz", "owned": "heinz-beanz", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kraft-heinz-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kraft-heinz", "owned": "heinz-baked-beans", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kraft-heinz-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kraft-heinz", "owned": "cracker-barrel", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kraft-heinz-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kraft-heinz", "owned": "maxwell-house", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2015-07-02", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kraft-heinz-10k-2026; src-kraft-heinz-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kraft-heinz", "owned": "miracle-whip", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2015-07-02", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kraft-heinz-10k-2026; src-kraft-heinz-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kraft-heinz", "owned": "stove-top", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2015-07-02", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kraft-heinz-10k-2026; src-kraft-heinz-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kraft-heinz", "owned": "bagel-bites", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kraft-heinz-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kraft-heinz", "owned": "shake-n-bake", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2015-07-02", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kraft-heinz-10k-2026; src-kraft-heinz-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kraft-heinz", "owned": "devour", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kraft-heinz-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kraft-heinz", "owned": "planters-nuts", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2015-07-02", "valid_to": "2021-06-07", "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "hormel-acquires-planters-2021", "confidence": "verified", "sources": 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"valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kras-group-page", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kras", "owned": "ki-ki-candy", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kras-group-page", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kras", "owned": "zivotinjsko-carstvo", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kras-group-page", "notes": null }, { "owner": "krka", "owned": "septolete", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-krka-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "krka", "owned": "nalgesin", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-krka-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "krka", "owned": "herbion", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-krka-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "krka", "owned": "septanazal", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-krka-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "krka", "owned": "bilobil", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-krka-ar-2025", 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null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-krka-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "krka", "owned": "fypryst", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-krka-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "krka", "owned": "milprazon", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-krka-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "krka", "owned": "selehold", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-krka-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "krka", "owned": "enroxil", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-krka-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "krka", "owned": "terme-krka", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-krka-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kroger", "owned": "simple-truth", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kroger-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kroger", "owned": "private-selection", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-kroger-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { 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"confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-ktng-esse-germany-pr-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "ktng", "owned": "bohem", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-ktng-esse-germany-pr-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "ktng", "owned": "this-cigarettes", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-ktng-esse-germany-pr-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "ktng", "owned": "lil", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-ktng-esse-germany-pr-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kuaishou-technology", "owned": "kuaishou-app", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kuaishou-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kuaishou-technology", "owned": "acfun", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kuaishou-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kunlun-tech", "owned": "opera-limited", "owned_type": "company", "stake_pct": 68, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-opera-20f-2025-kunlun", "notes": "Opera's 2025 Form 20-F reports that Hong Kong Kunlun Tech Holding Limited, a Hong Kong subsidiary of Kunlun Tech Co., Ltd., beneficially owns 61,081,569 of Opera's 89,880,513 ordinary shares, or 68.0 per cent, and names Kunlun Tech the ultimate parent of Opera. It is that holding that makes Opera a \"controlled company\" under Nasdaq rules, and Opera relies on several of the governance exemptions that status allows. The filing dates Kunlun's investment in Opera to 2016 but gives no date for the holding itself, so none is recorded. The same shares are also attributed to Opera's executive chairman, James Yahui Zhou, who controls Kunlun." }, { "owner": "kuwait-airways", "owned": "kuwait-airways-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kuwait-airways-profile", "notes": null }, { "owner": "kweichow-moutai", "owned": "moutai", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-kweichow-moutai-ar-2025", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Kweichow Moutai name is owned by China Kweichow Moutai Distillery (Group) Co., Ltd." }, { "owner": "kweichow-moutai", "owned": "moutai-prince", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, 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null }, { "owner": "la-fabril", "owned": "intima-ec", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-lafabril-quienes-somos", "notes": null }, { "owner": "la-fabril", "owned": "jolly-ec", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-lafabril-quienes-somos", "notes": null }, { "owner": "la-z-boy", "owned": "la-z-boy-furniture", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-la-z-boy-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "la-z-boy", "owned": "england-furniture", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, 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null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mahindra-ar-fy2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mahindra-mahindra", "owned": "classic-legends", "owned_type": "company", "stake_pct": 58.37, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mahindra-ar-fy2026; src-mahindra-classic-legends-2016", "notes": "Mahindra & Mahindra announced on 25 October 2016 that it had acquired a controlling stake in Classic Legends, but gave no completion date, so none is recorded. 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"reported", "sources": "src-mahou-san-miguel-nosotros", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mahou-san-miguel", "owned": "solan-de-cabras", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2011-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mahou-san-miguel-nosotros", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mahou-san-miguel", "owned": "reina-beer", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2004-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mahou-san-miguel-nosotros", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mahou-san-miguel", "owned": "founders-brewing", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2019-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mahou-san-miguel-nosotros", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mahou-san-miguel", "owned": "avery-brewing", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2019-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mahou-san-miguel-nosotros", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mahou-san-miguel", "owned": "nomada-brewing", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2022-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mahou-san-miguel-nosotros", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maison-pommery-associes", "owned": "pommery", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2002-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pommery-urd-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maison-pommery-associes", "owned": "vranken-champagne", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pommery-urd-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maison-pommery-associes", "owned": "demoiselle", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pommery-urd-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maison-pommery-associes", "owned": "charles-lafitte", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pommery-urd-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maison-pommery-associes", "owned": "champagne-pompadour", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pommery-urd-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maison-pommery-associes", "owned": "louis-pommery", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pommery-urd-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maison-pommery-associes", "owned": "rozes-port", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1999-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pommery-urd-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maison-pommery-associes", "owned": "sao-pedro-das-aguias", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pommery-urd-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maison-pommery-associes", "owned": "quinta-do-grifo", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pommery-urd-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maison-pommery-associes", "owned": "chateau-la-gordonne", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pommery-urd-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maison-pommery-associes", "owned": "domaine-royal-de-jarras", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pommery-urd-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "majid-al-futtaim", "owned": "carrefour-mena", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "1995-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-majid-al-futtaim-fs-2025; src-majid-al-futtaim-retail; src-majid-al-futtaim-our-journey; src-majid-al-futtaim-investor-presentation-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Carrefour name is owned by Carrefour." }, { "owner": "majid-al-futtaim", "owned": "hypermax", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-majid-al-futtaim-fs-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "majid-al-futtaim", "owned": "sava", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2025-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-majid-al-futtaim-fs-2025; src-majid-al-futtaim-fy2025-results; src-majid-al-futtaim-investor-presentation-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "majid-al-futtaim", "owned": "myli", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-majid-al-futtaim-fs-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "majid-al-futtaim", "owned": "vox-cinemas", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-majid-al-futtaim-fs-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "majid-al-futtaim", "owned": "magic-planet", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-majid-al-futtaim-fs-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "majid-al-futtaim", "owned": "ski-dubai", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-majid-al-futtaim-fs-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "majid-al-futtaim", "owned": "ski-egypt", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-majid-al-futtaim-fs-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "makemytrip", "owned": "makemytrip-brand", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-makemytrip-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "makemytrip", "owned": "goibibo", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2017-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-makemytrip-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "makemytrip", "owned": "redbus", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2017-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-makemytrip-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "makemytrip", "owned": "savaari", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 66, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2023-12-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-makemytrip-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "malaysia-aviation-group", "owned": "malaysia-airlines-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mag-about-us", "notes": null }, { "owner": "malaysia-aviation-group", "owned": "firefly-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mag-about-us", "notes": null }, { "owner": "malaysia-aviation-group", "owned": "maswings-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mag-about-us", "notes": null }, { "owner": "malaysia-aviation-group", "owned": "maskargo-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mag-about-us", "notes": null }, { "owner": "malto-brewery", "owned": "tirana-pilsner", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-birra-tirana-perberesit", "notes": null }, { "owner": "malto-brewery", "owned": "tirana-gold", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-birra-tirana-perberesit", "notes": null }, { "owner": "malto-brewery", "owned": "tirana-dark", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-birra-tirana-perberesit", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mammoth-brands", "owned": "harrys-shave", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mammoth-brands-home", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mammoth-brands", "owned": "flamingo-shave", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mammoth-brands-home", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mammoth-brands", "owned": "lume-deodorant", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2021-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mammoth-brands-home", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mammoth-brands", "owned": "mando-deodorant", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mammoth-brands-home", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mammoth-brands", "owned": "coterie-baby", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2025-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mammoth-brands-home", "notes": null }, { "owner": "manchester-united-plc", "owned": "manchester-united", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-manchester-united-plc-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "manchester-united-plc", "owned": "manchester-united-women", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-manchester-united-plc-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "manchester-united-plc", "owned": "mutv", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-manchester-united-plc-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "manchester-united-plc", "owned": "old-trafford", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-manchester-united-plc-20f-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mandom", "owned": "gatsby-mandom", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mandom-business-outline-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mandom", "owned": "lucido-mandom", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mandom-business-outline-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mandom", "owned": "lucido-l", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mandom-business-outline-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mandom", "owned": "bifesta", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mandom-business-outline-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mandom", "owned": "pixy", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mandom-business-outline-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mandom", "owned": "slkygirl", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mandom-business-outline-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mango", "owned": "mango-brand", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mango-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mango", "owned": "mango-man", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mango-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "manji-food-industries", "owned": "manji-biscuits", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-manji-history-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mannatech", "owned": "ambrotose", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-mannatech-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mannatech", "owned": "uth-skin-care", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-mannatech-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mannatech", "owned": "luminovation", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-mannatech-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mannatech", "owned": "truhealth", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-mannatech-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mannatech", "owned": "bounceback", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-mannatech-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mannatech", "owned": "mannabears", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-mannatech-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "manta-aviation", "owned": "manta-air-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-manta-air-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maple-leaf-foods", "owned": "maple-leaf-meats", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-maple-leaf-foods-aif-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maple-leaf-foods", "owned": "maple-leaf-prime", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-maple-leaf-foods-aif-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maple-leaf-foods", "owned": "schneiders", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-maple-leaf-foods-aif-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maple-leaf-foods", "owned": "greenfield-natural-meat", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-maple-leaf-foods-aif-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maple-leaf-foods", "owned": "lightlife", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, 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"confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-marzetti-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Texas Roadhouse Steak Sauce and Rolls name is owned by Texas Roadhouse." }, { "owner": "marzetti", "owned": "subway-sauces", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-marzetti-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Subway Sauces name is owned by Subway." }, { "owner": "masan-consumer-holdings", "owned": "chin-su", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2002-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-masan-group-annual-report-2017", "notes": null }, { "owner": "masan-consumer-holdings", "owned": "nam-ngu", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2007-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-masan-group-annual-report-2017", "notes": null }, { "owner": "masan-consumer-holdings", "owned": "omachi", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2007-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-masan-group-annual-report-2017", "notes": null }, { "owner": "masan-consumer-holdings", "owned": "kokomi", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-masan-group-annual-report-2017", "notes": null }, { "owner": "masan-consumer-holdings", "owned": "wake-up-247", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-masan-group-annual-report-2017", "notes": null }, { "owner": "masan-consumer-holdings", "owned": "vinacafe", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 98.49, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2011-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-masan-group-annual-report-2017", "notes": null }, { "owner": "masco", "owned": "behr", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1999-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-masco-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "masco", "owned": "delta-faucet", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-masco-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "masco", "owned": "hansgrohe", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 68, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1985-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-masco-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "masco", "owned": "kilz", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-masco-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maspex", "owned": "tymbark", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1999-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-maspex-acquisitions", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maspex", "owned": "kubus", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1995-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-maspex-acquisitions", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maspex", "owned": "lubella", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2003-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-maspex-acquisitions", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maspex", "owned": "lowicz", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2015-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-maspex-acquisitions", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maspex", "owned": "krakus", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2015-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-maspex-acquisitions", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maspex", "owned": "kotlin", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2015-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-maspex-acquisitions", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maspex", "owned": "zubrowka", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2022-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-maspex-acquisitions", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maspex", "owned": "becherovka", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2024-04-30", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-maspex-acquisitions", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maspex", "owned": "purcari-wineries", "owned_type": "company", "stake_pct": 73.23, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2025-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-purcari-ar-2025", "notes": "Held through Maspex Romania S.R.L. after its voluntary takeover bid for Purcari Wineries, conducted from 16 to 30 July 2025. The 2025 annual report gives the 73.23 per cent holding at 31 December 2025 but no settlement date, so only the year is recorded. Amboselt Universal Inc., through which the founder Victor Bostan holds his shares, kept 14.87 per cent." }, { "owner": "mastronardi-produce", "owned": "sunset-grown", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mastronardi-berryworld-2024", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mastronardi-produce", "owned": "backyard-farms", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mastronardi-berryworld-2024", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mastronardi-produce", "owned": "queen-of-greens", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mastronardi-berryworld-2024", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mastronardi-produce", "owned": "wow-berries", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mastronardi-berryworld-2024", "notes": null }, { "owner": "match-group", "owned": "tinder", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-match-group-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "match-group", "owned": "hinge", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2019-02-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "match-acquires-hinge-2019", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-match-group-10k-2026; src-match-hinge-2019", "notes": null }, { "owner": "match-group", "owned": "okcupid", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2011-02-02", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "iac-acquires-okcupid-2011", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-match-group-10k-2026; src-match-okcupid-2011", "notes": null }, { "owner": "match-group", "owned": "match-com", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-match-group-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "match-group", "owned": "plenty-of-fish", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2015-10-28", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "match-acquires-plenty-of-fish-2015", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-match-group-10k-2026; src-match-pof-2015", "notes": null }, { "owner": "match-group", "owned": "meetic", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2011-06-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "match-acquires-meetic-2011", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-match-group-10k-2026; src-match-meetic-2011", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mattel", "owned": "barbie", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-mattel-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mattel", "owned": "hot-wheels", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-mattel-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mattel", "owned": "fisher-price", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1993-11-30", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "mattel-acquires-fisher-price-1993", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-mattel-10k-2026; src-mattel-fp-1993", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mattel", "owned": "matchbox", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1997-05-22", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "mattel-acquires-tyco-toys-1997", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-mattel-10k-2026; src-mattel-tyco-1997", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mattel", "owned": "american-girl", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1998-07-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "mattel-acquires-american-girl-1998", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-mattel-10k-2026; src-mattel-ag-1998", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mattel", "owned": "uno", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1992-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-mattel-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mavi", "owned": "mavi-jeans", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mavi-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "max-air-limited", "owned": "max-air-nigeria-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-max-air-about-us", "notes": null }, { "owner": "max-mara", "owned": "max-mara-brand", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-maxmara-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "max-mara", "owned": "marella", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-maxmara-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maya-island-air", "owned": "maya-island-air-airline", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-maya-island-air-about", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mayborn-group", "owned": "tommee-tippee", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mayborn-modern-slavery-2024", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mayborn-group", "owned": "baby-buddha", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2023-10-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mayborn-modern-slavery-2024", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mayora-indah", "owned": "roma-biscuits", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mayora-indah-fs-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mayora-indah", "owned": "kopiko", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mayora-indah-fs-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mayora-indah", "owned": "astor-wafer", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mayora-indah-fs-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mayora-indah", "owned": "beng-beng", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mayora-indah-fs-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mayora-indah", "owned": "choki-choki", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mayora-indah-fs-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mayora-indah", "owned": "torabika", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mayora-indah-fs-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mayora-indah", "owned": "energen", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mayora-indah-fs-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mayora-indah", "owned": "mie-gelas", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mayora-indah-fs-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mayora-indah", "owned": "bakmi-mewah", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mayora-indah-fs-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maytronics", "owned": "dolphin-pool-robots", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-maytronics-annual-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "maytronics", "owned": "niya-pool-robots", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-maytronics-annual-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mbrf", "owned": "sadia", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2025-09-22", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mbrf-relatorio-integrado-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mbrf", "owned": "perdigao", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2025-09-22", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mbrf-relatorio-integrado-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mbrf", "owned": "qualy", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2025-09-22", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mbrf-relatorio-integrado-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mbrf", "owned": "sadia-bassi", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2025-09-22", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mbrf-relatorio-integrado-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mbrf", "owned": "paty-burgers", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mbrf-relatorio-integrado-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mbrf", "owned": "national-beef", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 81.73, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mbrf-relatorio-integrado-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mccain-foods", "owned": "mccain-brand", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mccain-business-brands-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mccain-foods", "owned": "lutosa", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mccain-business-brands-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mccain-foods", "owned": "strong-roots", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mccain-business-brands-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mccain-foods", "owned": "van-geloven", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-mccain-business-brands-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mccormick", "owned": "mccormick-brand", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-mccormick-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mccormick", "owned": "frenchs", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2017-08-17", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "mccormick-acquires-frenchs-2017", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-mccormick-10k-2026; src-mccormick-10k-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mccormick", "owned": "franks-redhot", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2017-08-17", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "mccormick-acquires-frenchs-2017", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-mccormick-10k-2026; src-mccormick-10k-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "mccormick", "owned": "old-bay", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": 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"territory": null, "deal": "pepsico-spins-off-tricon-1997", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-yum-10k-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "pepsico", "owned": "taco-bell", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "1978-01-01", "valid_to": "1997-10-06", "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "pepsico-spins-off-tricon-1997", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-yum-10k-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "pepsico", "owned": "naked-juice", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 39, "relationship": "minority", "valid_from": "2022-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pepsico-q1-2022-results; src-pai-tropicana-2021", "notes": "A 39 per cent non-controlling interest in the joint venture that holds Naked Juice." }, { "owner": "perfetti-van-melle", "owned": "mentos", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-perfetti-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "perfetti-van-melle", "owned": "chupa-chups", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2006-06-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-perfetti-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "perfetti-van-melle", "owned": "airheads", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-perfetti-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "perfetti-van-melle", "owned": "fruittella", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-perfetti-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "perfetti-van-melle", "owned": "smint", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2006-06-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-perfetti-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "perfetti-van-melle", "owned": "alpenliebe", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-perfetti-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "pernod-ricard", "owned": "absolut", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2008-07-23", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "pernod-acquires-vin-sprit-2008", "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pernod-ar-2025; src-pernod-vs-2008", "notes": null }, { "owner": "pernod-ricard", "owned": "jameson", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pernod-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "pernod-ricard", "owned": "chivas-regal", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2001-12-21", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pernod-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "pernod-ricard", "owned": "malibu", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2005-07-26", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "pernod-acquires-allied-domecq-2005", "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pernod-ar-2025; src-pernod-allied-2005", "notes": null }, { "owner": "pernod-ricard", "owned": "beefeater", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2005-07-26", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "pernod-acquires-allied-domecq-2005", "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pernod-ar-2025; src-pernod-allied-2005", "notes": null }, { "owner": "pernod-ricard", "owned": "havana-club", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 50, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pernod-ar-2025; src-pernod-urd-fy25; src-pernod-havana-club; src-bacardi-havana-club-2016", "notes": null }, { "owner": "pernod-ricard", "owned": "ricard", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pernod-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "pernod-ricard", "owned": "mumm", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2005-07-26", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "pernod-acquires-allied-domecq-2005", "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pernod-ar-2025; src-pernod-allied-2005", "notes": null }, { "owner": "pernod-ricard", "owned": "perrier-jouet", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pernod-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "pernod-ricard", "owned": "the-glenlivet", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2001-12-21", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pernod-ar-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "pernod-ricard", "owned": "kahlua", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2005-07-26", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "pernod-acquires-allied-domecq-2005", "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pernod-ar-2025; src-pernod-allied-2005", "notes": null }, { "owner": "perrigo", "owned": "compeed", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2015-03-30", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-perrigo-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "perrigo", "owned": "nasonex", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "licenses", "valid_from": "2018-05-29", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-perrigo-10k-2026", "notes": "Made and sold under licence; the Nasonex name is owned by Merck Sharp & Dohme." }, { "owner": "perrigo", "owned": "steripod", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-perrigo-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "perrigo", "owned": "prevacid", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2019-11-29", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "perrigo-acquires-prevacid-rights-2019", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-perrigo-10k-2026; src-perrigo-10k-2020", "notes": null }, { "owner": "petco", "owned": "whole-hearted", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-petco-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "petco", "owned": "reddy", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-petco-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "petco", "owned": "so-phresh", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-petco-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "phibro-animal-health", "owned": "stafac", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-phibro-animal-health-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "phibro-animal-health", "owned": "terramycin-phibro", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-phibro-animal-health-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "phibro-animal-health", "owned": "mecadox", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-phibro-animal-health-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "phibro-animal-health", "owned": "nicarb", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-phibro-animal-health-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "phibro-animal-health", "owned": "aviax", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-phibro-animal-health-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "phibro-animal-health", "owned": "cygro", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2024-10-31", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-phibro-animal-health-10k-2026; src-phibro-animal-health-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "phibro-animal-health", "owned": "bloat-guard", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-phibro-animal-health-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "phibro-animal-health", "owned": "aureomycin", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2024-10-31", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-phibro-animal-health-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "phibro-animal-health", "owned": "bovatec", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2024-10-31", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-phibro-animal-health-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "phibro-animal-health", "owned": "avatec", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2024-10-31", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-phibro-animal-health-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "phibro-animal-health", "owned": "deccox", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2024-10-31", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-phibro-animal-health-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "phibro-animal-health", "owned": "omnigen", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2012-12-20", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-phibro-animal-health-10k-2026; src-phibro-animal-health-10k-2014", "notes": null }, { "owner": "phibro-animal-health", "owned": "magni-phi", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-phibro-animal-health-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "phibro-animal-health", "owned": "rejensa", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-phibro-animal-health-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "philip-morris-international", "owned": "marlboro", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-philip-morris-international-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "philip-morris-international", "owned": "parliament", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-philip-morris-international-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "philip-morris-international", "owned": "l-m", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-philip-morris-international-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "philip-morris-international", "owned": "iqos", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-philip-morris-international-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "philip-morris-international", "owned": "zyn", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2022-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-philip-morris-international-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "philip-morris-international", "owned": "general-snus", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2022-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-philip-morris-international-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "phoenix-beverages", "owned": "phoenix-beer", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-phoenixbev-ir-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "phoenix-beverages", "owned": "manawa", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-phoenixbev-ir-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "phoenix-beverages", "owned": "seychelles-breweries", "owned_type": "company", "stake_pct": 54.4, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2025-07-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-phoenixbev-ir-2025; src-seybrew-acquisition-communique", "notes": "Held through The Traditional Green Mill Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Phoenix Beverages, and bought from Diageo Holdings Netherlands and Guinness Overseas with effect from 1 July 2025. The remaining shares are traded on MERJ, the Seychelles Securities Exchange. The 54.4 per cent is a stake in the company, not in any one trademark: Seychelles Breweries owns SeyBrew, Vann Swet, Slow Turtle and SeyPearl outright and makes the rest of its range under licence." }, { "owner": "piaggio", "owned": "piaggio-brand", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-piaggio-annual-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "piaggio", "owned": "vespa", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-piaggio-annual-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "piaggio", "owned": "aprilia", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2004-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-piaggio-annual-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "piaggio", "owned": "moto-guzzi", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2004-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-piaggio-annual-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "piaggio", "owned": "piaggio-ape", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-piaggio-annual-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "piaggio", "owned": "piaggio-porter", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-piaggio-annual-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "picea-robotics", "owned": "irobot", "owned_type": "company", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2026-01-23", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": "picea-acquires-irobot-2026", "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-irobot-8k-2026-01-23", "notes": "Held through Santrum Hong Kong Co., Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Picea, under iRobot's Chapter 11 plan." }, { "owner": "pidilite-industries", "owned": "fevicol", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pidilite-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "pidilite-industries", "owned": "fevikwik", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-pidilite-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "pidilite-industries", "owned": "m-seal", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", 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"owner": "urban-one", "owned": "hiphopwired", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-urban-one-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "urban-one", "owned": "madamenoire", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-urban-one-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "urban-outfitters-inc", "owned": "urban-outfitters", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-urban-outfitters-inc-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "urban-outfitters-inc", "owned": "anthropologie", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-urban-outfitters-inc-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "urban-outfitters-inc", "owned": "free-people", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-urban-outfitters-inc-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "urban-outfitters-inc", "owned": "nuuly", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": "src-urban-outfitters-inc-10k-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "usana-health-sciences", "owned": "usana", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "verified", "sources": 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"relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-vafo-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "vafo-group", "owned": "pets-deli", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-vafo-brands", "notes": null }, { "owner": "valeo-foods-group", "owned": "rowse-honey", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-valeo-brand-heritage", "notes": null }, { "owner": "valeo-foods-group", "owned": "balconi", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-valeo-brand-heritage", "notes": null }, { "owner": "valeo-foods-group", "owned": "barratt-sweets", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-valeo-brand-heritage", "notes": null }, { "owner": "valeo-foods-group", "owned": "melegatti", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-valeo-brand-heritage", "notes": null }, { "owner": "valeo-foods-group", "owned": "matthew-walker", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-valeo-brand-heritage", "notes": null }, { "owner": "valeo-foods-group", "owned": "foxs-glacier-mints", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-valeo-brand-heritage", "notes": null }, { "owner": "valeo-foods-group", "owned": "poppets", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-valeo-brand-heritage", "notes": null }, { "owner": "valeo-foods-group", "owned": "prestige-biscuits", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2026-07-17", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-valeo-brand-heritage; src-valeo-prestige-completion-2026; src-prestige96-identity", "notes": null }, { "owner": "valeo-foods-group", "owned": "hyper-wafers", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2026-07-17", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-valeo-brand-heritage; src-valeo-prestige-completion-2026; src-prestige96-identity", "notes": null }, { "owner": "valeo-foods-group", "owned": "naya-wafers", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2026-07-17", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-valeo-brand-heritage; src-valeo-prestige-completion-2026; src-prestige96-identity", "notes": null }, { "owner": "valeo-foods-group", "owned": "mirage-wafers", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2026-07-17", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-valeo-brand-heritage; src-valeo-prestige-completion-2026; src-prestige96-identity", "notes": null }, { "owner": "valeo-foods-group", "owned": "maxi-biscuits", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2026-07-17", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-valeo-brand-heritage; src-valeo-prestige-completion-2026; src-prestige96-identity", "notes": null }, { "owner": "valeo-foods-group", "owned": "roden-kray", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2026-07-17", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-valeo-brand-heritage; src-valeo-prestige-completion-2026; src-prestige96-identity", "notes": null }, { "owner": "valeo-foods-group", "owned": "idc-holding", "owned_type": "company", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-valeo-idc-2024; src-valeo-contact", "notes": "Valeo Foods Group announced on 5 September 2024 that it had agreed to buy I.D.C. Holding, the Slovak maker of Horalky, Mila, Lina, Kávenky and Goralki wafers, and expected to complete later that year. It published no completion announcement, so no date is recorded; what confirms the takeover happened is Valeo's own contact page, which now lists I.D.C. Holding in Bratislava as the head office of its Central and Eastern Europe division." }, { "owner": "valio", "owned": "valio-dairy", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-valio-board-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "valio", "owned": "profeel", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-valio-board-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "valio", "owned": "oddlygood", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 74, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-valio-board-report-2025", "notes": null }, { "owner": "valio", "owned": "rude-health", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 74, 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"owner": "zwack-unicum", "owned": "futyulos", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-zwack-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "zwack-unicum", "owned": "vilmos", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-zwack-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "zwack-unicum", "owned": "kalumba-gin", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-zwack-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "zwack-unicum", "owned": "kalinka-vodka", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-zwack-ar-2025-26", "notes": null }, { "owner": "zwilling-ja-henckels", "owned": "zwilling-brand", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-zwilling-company-history", "notes": null }, { "owner": "zwilling-ja-henckels", "owned": "staub", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2008-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-zwilling-company-history", "notes": null }, { "owner": "zwilling-ja-henckels", "owned": "ballarini", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2015-01-01", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-zwilling-company-history", "notes": null }, { "owner": "zwilling-ja-henckels", "owned": "demeyere", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-zwilling-company-history", "notes": null }, { "owner": "zwilling-ja-henckels", "owned": "miyabi", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-zwilling-company-history", "notes": null }, { "owner": "zydus-wellness", "owned": "sugar-free-sweetener", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-zydus-wellness-ar-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "zydus-wellness", "owned": "complan", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-zydus-wellness-ar-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "zydus-wellness", "owned": "glucon-d", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-zydus-wellness-ar-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "zydus-wellness", "owned": "nutralite", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-zydus-wellness-ar-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "zydus-wellness", "owned": "everyuth", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-zydus-wellness-ar-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "zydus-wellness", "owned": "nycil", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-zydus-wellness-ar-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "zydus-wellness", "owned": "ritebite-max-protein", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2024-12-02", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-zydus-wellness-ar-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "zydus-wellness", "owned": "weightworld", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2025-08-29", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-zydus-wellness-ar-2026", "notes": null }, { "owner": "zydus-wellness", "owned": "maxmedix", "owned_type": "brand", "stake_pct": 100, "relationship": "owns", "valid_from": "2025-08-29", "valid_to": null, "via": "", "territory": null, "deal": null, "confidence": "reported", "sources": "src-zydus-wellness-ar-2026", "notes": null } ], "deals": [ { "id": "danone-acquires-huel-2026", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2026-03-23", "closed": "2026-09-04", "buyer": "danone", "seller": "", "assets": "huel", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Danone agreed in March 2026 to buy Huel, which sells complete, nutritionally balanced meals as powders and ready-to-drink bottles, mostly direct to consumers in the United Kingdom, Europe and the United States. The purchase completed on 4 September 2026 and Huel is consolidated from 1 September. Danone presented it as an extension of its functional nutrition business into complete nutrition and did not publish the price.", "sources": "src-danone-huel-completion-2026; src-danone-huel-announcement-2026" }, { "id": "g-iii-whp-acquire-marc-jacobs-2026", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2026-05-14", "closed": "2026-09-01", "buyer": "g-iii-apparel-group; whp-global", "seller": "lvmh", "assets": "marc-jacobs-fashion", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "LVMH sold Marc Jacobs, which it had controlled since acquiring a majority stake in 1997, to G-III Apparel Group and WHP Global. The purchase split the house in two: the intellectual property went into MJ Topco, LLC, owned 50 per cent by a G-III affiliate and 50 per cent by a WHP Global affiliate, while G-III took the operating business and an exclusive licence from the joint venture to run Marc Jacobs shops and e-commerce, running to December 2041 with ten five-year renewals. No price for the whole transaction appears in the filings.", "sources": "src-g-iii-marc-jacobs-8k-2026" }, { "id": "ferrero-acquires-purely-elizabeth-2026", "type": "acquisition", "status": "announced", "announced": "2026-08-14", "closed": null, "buyer": "ferrero", "seller": "", "assets": "purely-elizabeth", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Ferrero agreed to buy Purely Elizabeth, a granola, oatmeal and cereal company founded in 2009 in Boulder, Colorado, which had more than doubled its sales in two years and recently moved into protein products. It follows Ferrero's purchase of WK Kellogg Co in 2025 and deepens a confectioner's push into American breakfast. No price was disclosed.", "sources": "src-ferrero-purely-elizabeth-2026" }, { "id": "lactalis-acquires-saputo-dairy-uk-2026", "type": "acquisition", "status": "announced", "announced": "2026-08-14", "closed": null, "buyer": "lactalis", "seller": "saputo", "assets": "cathedral-city; wensleydale-creamery; davidstow-cheddar; clover-spread; country-life-butter", "value_amount": 988000000, "value_currency": "GBP", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Saputo agreed to sell its United Kingdom operations, Saputo Dairy UK, to Lactalis for an enterprise value of about £988 million. The business includes Cathedral City, the best-selling cheddar in Britain, along with Davidstow, Wensleydale, Clover and Country Life, which Saputo gained with Dairy Crest in 2019. Coming months after Lactalis bought Fonterra's Anchor and Mainland, it would make the French family group the owner of the leading British cheddar as well.", "sources": "src-saputo-uk-sale-2026" }, { "id": "kirin-acquires-jamieson-wellness-2026", "type": "acquisition", "status": "announced", "announced": "2026-08-06", "closed": null, "buyer": "kirin", "seller": "public_shareholders", "assets": "jamieson-wellness", "value_amount": 2500000000, "value_currency": "CAD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Kirin Holdings agreed to buy Jamieson Wellness, the Canadian vitamin maker behind Jamieson, youtheory, Progressive and Smart Solutions, for C$45.75 a share in cash through a plan of arrangement. The price values Jamieson at about C$2.0 billion in fully diluted equity and C$2.5 billion in enterprise value, and extends a Japanese brewer's move into health products.", "sources": "src-jamieson-kirin-2026" }, { "id": "pg-acquires-thorne-2026", "type": "acquisition", "status": "announced", "announced": "2026-08-04", "closed": null, "buyer": "procter-and-gamble", "seller": "", "assets": "thorne-healthtech", "value_amount": 3800000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "Procter & Gamble agreed to buy Thorne, the supplements company that L Catterton took private in 2023, from L Catterton's Flagship Fund. P&G's annual report puts the transaction at $3.8 billion. It would be one of P&G's largest acquisitions in years and a move into vitamins and supplements, a category it had largely left.", "sources": "src-pg-10k-fy2026" }, { "id": "pif-silver-lake-affinity-acquire-electronic-arts-2026", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2025-09-29", "closed": "2026-08-04", "buyer": "public-investment-fund; silver-lake; affinity-partners", "seller": "public_shareholders", "assets": "electronic-arts", "value_amount": 55000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "A consortium of Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund, funds managed by Silver Lake and funds managed by Affinity Partners took Electronic Arts private for $210 a share in cash, through a new parent called Oak-Eagle AcquireCo, Inc. The agreement put the enterprise value at about $55 billion, the largest leveraged take-private of a video game company, and the Public Investment Fund rolled over the roughly 9.9 per cent it already held. The deal closed on 4 August 2026 and EA left Nasdaq. No filing sets out how the equity is divided among the three investors.", "sources": "src-ea-take-private-8k-2026" }, { "id": "sleep-country-acquires-sleep-number-2026", "type": "bankruptcy_sale", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2026-07-31", "buyer": "sleep-country-canada", "seller": "sleep-number-corp", "assets": "sleep-number", "value_amount": 529500000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "Sleep Number Corporation and its subsidiaries filed for Chapter 11 in the Southern District of New York on 12 June 2026. On 18 July it signed an amended asset purchase agreement with SNBR, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Sleep Country Canada Inc., for substantially all of its assets; the court approved the sale on 21 July and it closed on 31 July 2026. Cash proceeds were $529.5 million, of which about $267.4 million repaid the debtor-in-possession loans. Sleep Number said it expected nothing to be left for its stockholders and that its shares would be cancelled under a plan of liquidation.", "sources": "src-sleep-number-8k-2026-08-03" }, { "id": "ebay-acquires-depop-2026", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2026-02-18", "closed": "2026-07-30", "buyer": "ebay-inc", "seller": "etsy-inc", "assets": "depop", "value_amount": 1200000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "Etsy sold Depop, the secondhand fashion marketplace it had owned since July 2021, to eBay. The purchase price was $1.2 billion; with $200 million of net purchase price adjustments and interest, Etsy received approximately $1.4 billion in cash when the sale completed on 30 July 2026. The deal moved the most youth-focused resale app in Britain and the United States to the company that built online secondhand trading in the first place.", "sources": "src-etsy-depop-sale-8k-2026; src-etsy-10q-q3-2021" }, { "id": "gildan-sells-hanesbrands-australia-2026", "type": "divestiture", "status": "announced", "announced": "2026-07-30", "closed": null, "buyer": "bbfit-investments", "seller": "gildan", "assets": "bonds-apparel; bras-n-things; berlei; sheridan-home", "value_amount": 700000000, "value_currency": "AUD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Eight months after buying Hanesbrands, Gildan agreed to sell HanesBrands Australia, the business behind Bonds, Bras N Things, Berlei and Sheridan, to BBFIT Investments Pte Ltd for an enterprise valuation of about A$700 million, and to use the proceeds to repay debt. Gildan already reports the Australian business as a discontinued operation.", "sources": "src-gildan-q2-2026-results" }, { "id": "nestle-platinum-equity-form-peranel-2026", "type": "joint_venture", "status": "announced", "announced": "2026-07-23", "closed": null, "buyer": "platinum-equity", "seller": "nestle", "assets": "perrier; san-pellegrino", "value_amount": 4900000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Nestlé agreed to put its waters and premium beverages business, more than thirty brands including S.Pellegrino, Perrier, Acqua Panna and Nestlé Pure Life, into Peranel, a new company owned 50:50 with the private equity firm Platinum Equity, at an enterprise value of €4.9 billion. Nestlé would receive about €3.0 billion in cash. The result would mirror Froneri, the ice cream venture Nestlé formed with PAI Partners: famous Nestlé brands in a company Nestlé does not control.", "sources": "src-platinum-peranel-2026" }, { "id": "intersnack-acquires-utz-2026", "type": "acquisition", "status": "announced", "announced": "2026-07-21", "closed": null, "buyer": "intersnack", "seller": "public_shareholders", "assets": "utz-brands; utz; on-the-border-chips; zapps; boulder-canyon", "value_amount": 2900000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Intersnack Group of Düsseldorf agreed to take Utz Brands private for $14.25 a share in cash, an enterprise value of about $2.9 billion. After closing, Utz would be owned 50 per cent by entities of the Rice and Lissette families, descendants of its founders, and 50 per cent by Intersnack, whose own brands include Chio, Hula Hoops, McCoy's, Tyrrells and Tayto. The family would stay as half-owner rather than sell out.", "sources": "src-utz-8k-ex991-2026-07-21" }, { "id": "henkel-acquires-olaplex-2026", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2026-03-26", "closed": "2026-07-07", "buyer": "henkel", "seller": "public_shareholders", "assets": "olaplex", "value_amount": 1400000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "Henkel bought all of OLAPLEX Holdings for $2.06 a share in cash, a total transaction value of $1.4 billion, and closed on 7 July 2026, when OLAPLEX shares stopped trading on Nasdaq. The brand had about €370 million of sales in 2025 and joined Henkel Consumer Brands, which Henkel says makes it the second-largest company in professional hair care globally.", "sources": "src-henkel-olaplex-completion-2026; src-henkel-olaplex-announcement-2026" }, { "id": "prestige-acquires-breathe-right-2026", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2026-03-20", "closed": "2026-06-15", "buyer": "prestige-brands", "seller": "foundation-consumer-healthcare", "assets": "breathe-right", "value_amount": 1045000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "Prestige Consumer Healthcare bought the Breathe Right nasal strip brand and certain other brands from Foundation Consumer Healthcare for $1.045 billion, about $900 million after $150 million of expected tax benefits, and closed on 15 June 2026. When the deal was announced Prestige also named Dimetapp and Anbesol among the brands included. It is a characteristic Prestige purchase: an established over-the-counter name bought from a private owner rather than a brand built from scratch.", "sources": "src-prestige-breathe-right-8k-2026" }, { "id": "unilever-acquires-gruns-2026", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2026-06-01", "buyer": "unilever", "seller": "", "assets": "gruns", "value_amount": 767000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Unilever acquired 80 per cent of the shares of Grüns, a United States maker of daily greens and nutrient gummies founded in 2023, on 1 June 2026 for consideration of €767 million, and recognised a liability for the future purchase of the remaining non-controlling interest. Grüns joined Unilever's Wellbeing business alongside Liquid I.V. and Nutrafol, which were also bought as young supplement brands.", "sources": "src-unilever-6k-h1-2026; src-unilever-gruns-announcement-2026" }, { "id": "church-dwight-acquires-miss-mouths-2026", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2026-05-28", "buyer": "church-and-dwight", "seller": "", "assets": "miss-mouths-messy-eater", "value_amount": 325000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "Church & Dwight signed and closed its purchase of the Miss Mouth's Messy Eater stain remover brand on 28 May 2026 for approximately $325 million, announcing it the following day. The brand had about $80 million of net sales and $28 million of EBITDA in 2025, much of it online, and joined the fabric care portfolio that already includes OxiClean. The seller was not named.", "sources": "src-church-dwight-miss-mouths-2026" }, { "id": "mission-produce-acquires-calavo-2026", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2026-05-28", "buyer": "mission-produce", "seller": "", "assets": "calavo", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": null, "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "Mission Produce acquired Calavo Growers, the listed California avocado company founded in 1924, under a merger agreement dated 14 January 2026 that completed on 28 May 2026. Each Calavo share was converted into 0.9790 of a Mission Produce share plus cash; in total Mission Produce issued about 17.5 million shares and paid about $265.9 million, funded from cash and new borrowing. Calavo became Calavo Growers, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary, and its shares were removed from Nasdaq. It put the Mission and Calavo avocado labels under one owner, which began closing overlapping distribution facilities in September 2026.", "sources": "src-mission-produce-calavo-8k-2026" }, { "id": "authentic-acquires-lee-2026", "type": "acquisition", "status": "announced", "announced": "2026-05-21", "closed": null, "buyer": "authentic-brands", "seller": "kontoor-brands", "assets": "lee-jeans", "value_amount": 1000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "Kontoor Brands agreed to sell the Lee jeans brand to an affiliate of Authentic Brands Group for up to $1 billion: $750 million in cash at closing and up to $250 million more in an earnout. It would leave Kontoor with Wrangler and Helly Hansen, and put Lee with the brand-licensing group that already owns Nautica and Brooks Brothers and licenses its names to operators rather than making the clothes itself.", "sources": "src-kontoor-8k-ex991-2026-05-21" }, { "id": "titan-america-acquires-keystone-cement-2026", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2026-01-08", "closed": "2026-05-01", "buyer": "titan-cement", "seller": "", "assets": "keystone-cement", "value_amount": 310000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Titan America SA, the 87%-TITAN-owned, NYSE-listed US subsidiary of TITAN Cement International, agreed on 8 January 2026 to buy Keystone Cement Holdings, Inc. and Keystone Cement Company LLC, a Pennsylvania cement and aggregates producer in the Lehigh Valley owned by the Fortaleza, Uniland and Tritadura groups. Titan America's own announcement describes the transaction as \"valued at $310 million,\" without characterising that figure as an enterprise value or otherwise stating that assumed debt is included, so it is recorded here as the price paid for the business rather than as a stated enterprise value. The deal closed on 1 May 2026, adding a modern kiln with roughly 990,000 short tons per year of clinker capacity, limestone reserves TITAN says support more than 50 years of production, and about 125 employees, and it extends Titan America's Mid-Atlantic reach alongside its existing Roanoke and Essex cement operations. The sellers are private groups not otherwise covered in this dataset.", "sources": "src-titanamerica-keystone-announce-2026; src-titanamerica-keystone-close-2026; src-titanamerica-6k-keystone-2026" }, { "id": "keurig-dr-pepper-acquires-jde-peets-2026", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2025-08-25", "closed": "2026-04-01", "buyer": "keurig-dr-pepper", "seller": "public_shareholders", "assets": "jde-peets", "value_amount": 15700000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Keurig Dr Pepper bought JDE Peet's through a public offer at €31.85 a share, total equity consideration of €15.7 billion, as the first step of a plan to separate into a drinks company and a global coffee company. Holders of 96.22 per cent of the shares tendered by the end of the offer period and settlement took place on 1 April 2026; a post-closing acceptance period took the holding to 97.75 per cent. JDE Peet's shares were delisted from Euronext Amsterdam on 30 April 2026 and a buy-out of the remaining 2.25 per cent began.", "sources": "src-kdp-jde-settlement-2026; src-kdp-jde-post-closing-2026; src-kdp-jde-announcement-2025; src-kdp-10q-q2-2026; src-jdepeets-kdp-offer-page" }, { "id": "lactalis-acquires-mainland-group-2026", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2025-08-22", "closed": "2026-03-31", "buyer": "lactalis", "seller": "fonterra", "assets": "anchor; mainland; anlene; anmum; kapiti; perfect-italiano; western-star", "value_amount": 3845000000, "value_currency": "NZD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Fonterra sold its entire global consumer business to Lactalis, agreeing the sale in August 2025 for NZ$3.845 billion and completing it on 31 March 2026; resolving a separate dispute with Bega Cheese took total proceeds to NZ$4.22 billion. It moved a century of New Zealand household dairy brands, Anchor and Mainland among them, to a French family company in a single transaction, and turned Fonterra into a business-to-business supplier that now sells milk and ingredients to the buyer of its own brands under agreements running at least ten years. Fonterra kept the Anchor consumer brand in Greater China.", "sources": "src-fonterra-mainland-completion-2026; src-fonterra-mainland-agreement-2025" }, { "id": "loreal-acquires-kering-beaute-2026", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2025-10-19", "closed": "2026-03-31", "buyer": "loreal", "seller": "kering", "assets": "house-of-creed", "value_amount": 4000000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "L'Oréal bought Kering Beauté, completing on 31 March 2026 a deal valued at €4 billion and payable in cash at closing. It took ownership of the House of Creed perfume business outright and signed fifty-year exclusive licences to create and sell fragrance and beauty products under the Bottega Veneta and Balenciaga names from closing; the right to a fifty-year Gucci licence begins when Coty's existing Gucci licence expires. The fashion houses themselves remain Kering's, so only Creed changed owner.", "sources": "src-loreal-kering-beaute-completion-2026; src-loreal-kering-alliance-2025" }, { "id": "mccormick-combines-with-unilever-foods-2026", "type": "merger", "status": "announced", "announced": "2026-03-31", "closed": null, "buyer": "mccormick", "seller": "unilever", "assets": "knorr; hellmanns", "value_amount": 44800000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Unilever agreed to combine its Foods business, home of Knorr and Hellmann's, with McCormick in a Reverse Morris Trust: Unilever would receive $15.7 billion in cash, and Unilever and its shareholders would own 65 per cent of the combined company with McCormick's existing holders owning 35 per cent. McCormick valued Unilever Foods at an enterprise value of about $44.8 billion. It would be the largest reshaping of Unilever since the ice cream demerger, leaving it a beauty, personal care and home care company.", "sources": "src-mccormick-8ka-2026-04-06; src-mccormick-425-2026-04-01" }, { "id": "paramount-skydance-acquires-warner-bros-discovery-2026", "type": "acquisition", "status": "announced", "announced": "2026-02-27", "closed": null, "buyer": "paramount-skydance", "seller": "public_shareholders", "assets": "warner-bros-discovery", "value_amount": 110000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "doj-paramount-warner-2026; ec-paramount-warner-2026; cma-paramount-warner-2026; dcms-paramount-warner-2026; states-paramount-warner-complaint-2026; ndcal-paramount-warner-tro-2026; ndcal-paramount-warner-stipulation-2026", "summary": "Paramount Skydance agreed to buy Warner Bros. Discovery for $31.00 a share in cash, which the companies put at $81 billion in equity value and $110 billion in enterprise value. It would combine the Paramount and Warner Bros. film studios, CBS and CNN, and HBO Max with Paramount+. Warner Bros. Discovery shareholders approved it on 23 April 2026 and the European Commission cleared it in July 2026.", "sources": "src-wbd-8k-ex991-2026-02-27" }, { "id": "anta-acquires-puma-stake-2026", "type": "acquisition", "status": "announced", "announced": "2026-01-26", "closed": null, "buyer": "anta-sports", "seller": "artemis", "assets": "puma", "value_amount": 1505516600, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "ANTA Sports agreed to buy 29.06 per cent of Puma from Artémis, the Pinault family holding company, for €35 a share, €1,505,516,600 in total. The stake would make the Chinese group Puma's largest shareholder without a full takeover, adding it to a portfolio that already includes control of Amer Sports and the Chinese rights to Fila.", "sources": "src-anta-puma-hkex-2026" }, { "id": "picea-acquires-irobot-2026", "type": "bankruptcy_sale", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2026-01-23", "buyer": "picea-robotics", "seller": "creditors", "assets": "irobot", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "iRobot filed for Chapter 11 on 14 December 2025, less than two years after Amazon abandoned its takeover. Its plan was confirmed on 22 January 2026 and took effect the next day, when Shenzhen PICEA Robotics, formerly Shenzhen 3irobotix and one of its contract manufacturers, acquired 100 per cent of the equity through its Hong Kong subsidiary Santrum Hong Kong. The old iRobot shares were cancelled, and the company that invented the Roomba is now wholly owned by a Chinese robotics firm.", "sources": "src-irobot-8k-2026-01-23" }, { "id": "mars-acquires-kellanova-2024", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2024-08-14", "closed": "2025-12-11", "buyer": "mars", "seller": "public_shareholders", "assets": "kellanova; pringles; cheez-it; pop-tarts; rxbar; nutri-grain; special-k; crunchy-nut", "value_amount": 35900000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Mars agreed in August 2024 to buy Kellanova for $83.50 a share in cash, a total enterprise value of $35.9 billion including assumed net leverage, and completed the purchase on 11 December 2025 after the last regulatory approvals arrived three days earlier. Kellanova became a wholly owned subsidiary of Mars and its shares left the New York Stock Exchange. The brands did not change hands individually: Pringles, Cheez-It, Pop-Tarts, RXBAR and the international Kellogg cereals stay with Kellanova, which is now a private family-owned company's snacking arm rather than a listed business.", "sources": "src-mars-kellanova-completion-2025; src-kellanova-8k-2025-12-11; src-kellanova-8k-ex994-2024-08-14" }, { "id": "unilever-demerges-ice-cream-2025", "type": "spin_off", "status": "closed", "announced": "2024-03-19", "closed": "2025-12-08", "buyer": "magnum-ice-cream-company", "seller": "unilever", "assets": "ben-and-jerrys; magnum; walls-ice-cream; cornetto; breyers; talenti; yasso; popsicle; klondike; twister; carte-dor; viennetta; solero; calippo", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": null, "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "Unilever separated its ice cream business as The Magnum Ice Cream Company, whose shares were admitted to trading on Euronext Amsterdam, the London Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange on 8 December 2025. Unilever shareholders received shares in the new company as a demerger dividend, and Unilever retained a 19.9% stake at admission.", "sources": "src-micc-20f-2025; src-unilever-20f-2025" }, { "id": "gildan-acquires-hanesbrands-2025", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2025-12-01", "buyer": "gildan", "seller": "public_shareholders", "assets": "hanesbrands; hanes; bali-intimates; maidenform; playtex-apparel; wonderbra; just-my-size; comfortwash; bonds-apparel; bras-n-things; berlei; sheridan-home", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Gildan Activewear acquired Hanesbrands, completing the merger on 1 December 2025; each Hanesbrands share was converted into 0.102 Gildan shares and $0.80 in cash. Gildan's annual information form lists the trademarks it gained as Hanes, Bonds, Bali, Maidenform, Sol y Oro, Sheridan, Bras N Things, Playtex, Wonderbra, Berlei, Comfortwash and JMS/Just My Size, and it classified the Australian business behind Bonds, Bras N Things, Berlei and Sheridan as a discontinued operation from the day it closed. Champion was not part of it: Hanesbrands had already sold that brand to Authentic Brands in 2024. Neither company's filing states a single total value for the transaction.", "sources": "src-hanesbrands-8k-closing-2025; src-hanesbrands-10k-2024; src-gildan-aif-2025" }, { "id": "kimberly-clark-acquires-kenvue-2025", "type": "acquisition", "status": "announced", "announced": "2025-11-03", "closed": null, "buyer": "kimberly-clark", "seller": "", "assets": "tylenol; listerine; neutrogena; band-aid; aveeno", "value_amount": 48700000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Kimberly-Clark agreed to acquire Kenvue for $3.50 in cash plus 0.14625 Kimberly-Clark shares for each Kenvue share, which would combine Huggies and Kleenex with Tylenol, Listerine and Neutrogena. Kimberly-Clark expects to issue about 280 million shares and pay about $6.7 billion in cash, leaving its existing shareholders with about 54 per cent of the combined company.", "sources": "src-kenvue-10k-2025; src-kmb-10q-q2-2026" }, { "id": "sfc-spins-off-quinco-2025", "type": "spin_off", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2025-10-06", "buyer": "quinco-holdings", "seller": "simonds-farsons-cisk", "assets": "burger-king-malta; kfc-malta; pizza-hut-malta", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": null, "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "Simonds Farsons Cisk separated its food business from its brewery. Shareholders approved the spin-off at the annual general meeting in June 2025; Quinco Holdings p.l.c., incorporated on 8 May 2025, acquired Food Chain Limited and Quintano Foods Limited from Farsons on 10 September 2025; the Malta Financial Services Authority approved the prospectus on 24 September; and the 36 million shares were distributed to Farsons shareholders as an interim dividend in kind before being admitted to the Malta Stock Exchange on 6 October 2025, with trading opening the next day. The Maltese Burger King, KFC and Pizza Hut franchises moved with the food business; Farsons kept the beer, the soft drinks and the water.", "sources": "src-quinco-ar-2025; src-farsons-ar-2026" }, { "id": "ferrero-acquires-wk-kellogg-2025", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2025-07-10", "closed": "2025-09-26", "buyer": "ferrero", "seller": "public_shareholders", "assets": "wk-kellogg; frosted-flakes; corn-flakes; rice-krispies; raisin-bran; froot-loops", "value_amount": 3100000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Ferrero bought all of WK Kellogg Co for $23.00 a share in cash, a total enterprise value of $3.1 billion, completing the deal on 26 September 2025 a week after WK Kellogg shareowners approved it. WK Kellogg Co became a wholly owned subsidiary and left the New York Stock Exchange, so the North American rights to Corn Flakes, Frosted Flakes and Rice Krispies now sit with an Italian family-owned group while Kellanova, owned by Mars, holds the same cereals elsewhere.", "sources": "src-ferrero-wkk-completion-2025; src-wkkellogg-8k-completion-2025; src-wkkellogg-8k-ex991-2025-07-10" }, { "id": "skydance-paramount-merger-2025", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2024-07-07", "closed": "2025-08-07", "buyer": "skydance-media", "seller": "national-amusements", "assets": "cbs; paramount-pictures", "value_amount": 8000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "fcc-skydance-paramount-2025", "summary": "Skydance Media, controlled by the Ellison family, combined with Paramount Global to form Paramount Skydance Corporation, ending the control National Amusements and the Redstone family had held over CBS and Paramount Pictures. Paramount Class A holders could take $23.00 in cash a share and Class B holders $15.00, and because the deal transferred control of CBS's television station licences it needed the consent of the Federal Communications Commission, which granted it over one commissioner's dissent.", "sources": "src-psky-8k12b-2025; src-fcc-skydance-paramount-release-2025" }, { "id": "james-hardie-acquires-azek-2025", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2025-03-24", "closed": "2025-07-01", "buyer": "james-hardie", "seller": "", "assets": "azek-exteriors; timbertech; versatex; struxure; ultralox; intex-railing", "value_amount": 8750000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "James Hardie, the fibre-cement siding maker, agreed to buy The AZEK Company, a maker of engineered wood-alternative decking, railing, trim and outdoor-living products, in a cash-and-stock deal announced 24 March 2025 (23 March in Chicago) and completed 1 July 2025. AZEK shareholders received USD 26.45 in cash plus 1.0340 James Hardie ordinary shares for each AZEK share; James Hardie's own announcement put the total transaction value at USD 8.75 billion, a figure that includes about USD 386 million of AZEK net debt as of 31 December 2024 and is therefore an enterprise value rather than a straight equity price. AZEK had no controlling parent, so no seller company id applies; the deal folded AZEK's TimberTech decking, AZEK Exteriors trim and moulding, Versatex trim, StruXure pergolas, UltraLox railing hardware and Intex railing brands into James Hardie, turning a fibre-cement specialist into a broader exterior building-products company spanning siding, decking, trim and railing.", "sources": "src-jameshardie-azek-announcement-2025; src-jameshardie-azek-completion-2025; src-jameshardie-6k-2025" }, { "id": "pepsico-acquires-siete-2025", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2025-01-17", "buyer": "pepsico", "seller": "", "assets": "siete", "value_amount": 1200000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "PepsiCo acquired all of Garza Food Ventures, which trades as Siete Foods, for about $1.2 billion in cash. Siete was founded by a family in Austin making grain-free tortillas for a relative with autoimmune disease, and had grown into a national brand of Mexican-American pantry staples before PepsiCo bought it.", "sources": "src-pepsico-10k-2024" }, { "id": "pepsico-acquires-sabra-2024", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2024-12-03", "buyer": "pepsico", "seller": "strauss-group", "assets": "sabra", "value_amount": 241000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "PepsiCo bought the Strauss Group out of Sabra for $241 million in cash, ending the joint venture through which the two had run the largest hummus brand in the United States, and making it a wholly owned subsidiary. Consolidating it produced a $122 million pre-tax gain, the accounting effect of remeasuring the half PepsiCo already held at fair value.", "sources": "src-pepsico-10k-2024" }, { "id": "buzzi-acquires-ncpar-2024", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2024-05-17", "closed": "2024-10-03", "buyer": "buzzi", "seller": "", "assets": "cimento-nacional", "value_amount": 300000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "This is the step that made Cimento Nacional a wholly owned Buzzi business, completing a story that started with a 50/50 joint venture and a bolt-on acquisition. Buzzi entered Brazil in November 2018 by taking a 50% stake in the holding company then called BCPAR (later NCPAR), alongside Grupo Ricardo Brennand; in April 2021 that jointly owned vehicle, Companhia Nacional de Cimento, bought CRH group's Brazilian cement business (see buzzi-acquires-cnc-2021), while Buzzi's own stake in the venture stayed at 50%. On 17 May 2024 Buzzi announced that Grupo Ricardo Brennand had exercised a put option under their existing agreements for its remaining 50% of NCPAR, with the investment estimated at EUR290-310 million pending Brazilian real exchange rates and clearance from Brazil's antitrust authority CADE. The purchase completed on 3 October 2024 for a price Buzzi's own release puts at \"approximately EUR 300.0 million,\" funded from available liquidity; Buzzi's release states plainly that it \"now holds 100% control of NCPAR.\" That closing is also the point at which Cimento Nacional moved in Buzzi's accounts from joint-venture treatment to full consolidation as a subsidiary, which is why the brand is recorded elsewhere in this dataset as wholly owned by Buzzi rather than as a 50% joint venture.", "sources": "src-buzzi-ncpar-putoption-2024; src-buzzi-ncpar-completion-2024" }, { "id": "ziff-davis-acquires-cnet-2024", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2024-09-04", "closed": "2024-10-01", "buyer": "ziff-davis", "seller": "", "assets": "cnet", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Ziff Davis acquired CNET from Red Ventures. CNET was among the first technology news sites, was owned by CBS for over a decade, and had drawn criticism shortly before the sale for publishing articles generated by artificial intelligence without labelling them clearly. Press reports put the price near $100 million; neither party disclosed a figure.", "sources": "src-zd-cnet-2024" }, { "id": "authentic-acquires-champion-2024", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2024-06-05", "closed": "2024-09-30", "buyer": "authentic-brands", "seller": "", "assets": "champion-brand", "value_amount": 1200000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Authentic Brands acquired Champion from Hanesbrands for about $1.2 billion. Champion had invented the hooded sweatshirt in the 1930s for labourers working in cold warehouses, and its reverse weave construction is still the reason the garments keep their shape.", "sources": "src-abg-champion-2024" }, { "id": "crh-acquires-adbri-2024", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2024-07-01", "buyer": "crh", "seller": "", "assets": "adbri", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "AUD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "CRH completed a Scheme of Arrangement to acquire the 57% of Adbri Limited’s ordinary shares it did not already own, alongside the Barro Group, which retained its own stake. This is a majority-stake transaction, not a full takeover: CRH and Barro together control Adbri, an Australian cement, lime and concrete products group, but CRH itself holds only the 57% stake acquired under the Scheme. The Scheme was approved by Adbri’s independent shareholders on 12 June 2024, received Court approval on 14 June 2024, and completed on 1 July 2024. Neither party disclosed the transaction value.", "sources": "src-crh-adbri-completion-2024; src-crh-adbri-scheme-approval-2024" }, { "id": "arcelik-acquires-whirlpool-europe-2024", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2024-04-01", "buyer": "arcelik", "seller": "whirlpool", "assets": "indesit; hotpoint-europe", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Whirlpool contributed its European major domestic appliance business into a new company with Arcelik called Beko Europe, keeping a 25 per cent interest in it, and separately sold its Middle East and North Africa business to the same buyer. The effect was to hand a Turkish manufacturer control of Indesit, Hotpoint in Europe and Bauknecht, and to move Whirlpool from owning a European business to licensing its own name back to the company that now runs one: it agreed a multi-year licence of the Whirlpool brand to Beko Europe for European sales.", "sources": "src-whirlpool-10k-2025" }, { "id": "campbells-acquires-sovos-2024", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2023-08-07", "closed": "2024-03-12", "buyer": "campbells", "seller": "sovos-brands", "assets": "raos; noosa", "value_amount": 2700000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Campbell's acquired Sovos Brands for $23 per share in cash, principally to obtain Rao's Homemade, a premium pasta sauce growing far faster than the rest of the category. The Federal Trade Commission cleared the deal after a second request.", "sources": "src-campbells-10k-2025" }, { "id": "holcim-acquires-zinco-2024", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2024-01-01", "buyer": "holcim", "seller": "", "assets": "zinco", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Holcim acquired ZinCo, a German maker of integrated green and solar roofing systems whose work includes the High Line in New York City and the Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center in Athens. ZinCo retained its own brand name after the deal. Holcim’s press release was published in early February 2024 and describes the acquisition as having taken place in January 2024, but gives no specific day; only the month is confirmed here, and no closing date beyond \"January 2024\" is stated. The transaction value was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-holcim-zinco-2024" }, { "id": "puig-acquires-dr-sturm-2024", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2024-01-01", "closed": "2024-01-01", "buyer": "puig", "seller": "", "assets": "dr-barbara-sturm", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Puig acquired a majority of Dr. Barbara Sturm, a German physician-founded skincare brand that grew out of an anti-inflammatory joint treatment adapted into a cosmetic protocol. It was the group's move into high-priced clinical skincare. Only the year is documented here.", "sources": "src-puig-history" }, { "id": "kering-acquires-valentino-stake-2023", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2023-07-27", "closed": "2023-12-08", "buyer": "kering", "seller": "", "assets": "valentino-stake", "value_amount": 1700000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Kering acquired thirty per cent of Valentino from the Qatari fund Mayhoola for €1.7 billion, with an agreement that could take it to full ownership by 2028. It is a minority stake, so Kering does not control Valentino, and the brand record here says so.", "sources": "src-kering-valentino-2023" }, { "id": "smucker-acquires-hostess-2023", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2023-09-11", "closed": "2023-11-07", "buyer": "jm-smucker", "seller": "hostess-brands-company", "assets": "hostess-brands; twinkies", "value_amount": 5600000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "J.M. Smucker acquired Hostess Brands for $34.25 per share in cash and stock, adding Twinkies, CupCakes and Donettes to a portfolio built on coffee, peanut butter and pet snacks. Smucker outbid several other packaged food companies for the business.", "sources": "src-jm-smucker-10k-2025" }, { "id": "microsoft-acquires-activision-2023", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2022-01-18", "closed": "2023-10-13", "buyer": "microsoft", "seller": "", "assets": "activision-blizzard", "value_amount": 68700000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "cma-microsoft-activision-2023; cma-microsoft-activision-restructured-2023; ftc-microsoft-activision-2023", "summary": "Microsoft acquired Activision Blizzard for $95 per share in cash, about $68.7 billion, the largest acquisition ever made in the video games industry. It closed twenty-one months after announcement following contested reviews in the United States, the United Kingdom and the European Union.", "sources": "src-msft-8k-2023-10-13" }, { "id": "next-acquires-fatface-2023", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2023-10-13", "buyer": "next-plc", "seller": "", "assets": "fatface", "value_amount": 111600000, "value_currency": "GBP", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "NEXT acquired 97% of FatFace on 13 October 2023 for total consideration of £111.6 million, made up of £57.6 million in cash, £53.4 million in NEXT shares and £0.6 million of loan notes. FatFace management reinvested for the remaining 3%, held through put and call options exercisable from 2027. NEXT moved the business onto its Total Platform infrastructure the following year.", "sources": "src-next-ar-2024" }, { "id": "kellogg-splits-kellanova-2023", "type": "spin_off", "status": "closed", "announced": "2022-06-21", "closed": "2023-10-02", "buyer": "wk-kellogg", "seller": "kellanova", "assets": "frosted-flakes; corn-flakes; rice-krispies; raisin-bran; froot-loops", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": null, "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "The Kellogg Company split into two listed companies: the global snacking business renamed itself Kellanova and kept Pringles and the international cereal brands, while the North American cereal business was spun off as WK Kellogg Co with the Battle Creek headquarters.", "sources": "src-wkkellogg-ar-2025" }, { "id": "next-acquires-reiss-2023", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2023-09-22", "buyer": "next-plc", "seller": "", "assets": "reiss", "value_amount": 311200000, "value_currency": "GBP", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "NEXT bought a further 21% of Reiss in September 2023, taking its holding from 51% to 72% and, with changes to the shareholders' agreement, giving it control for the first time. NEXT had held 25% since 2021 and 51% since May 2022, but accounted for Reiss as a joint venture because key decisions needed every shareholder's agreement. Total consideration was £311.2 million, of which only £98.5 million was cash: most of the rest was the fair value of the stake NEXT already held. Remeasuring that stake produced an exceptional accounting gain of £108.6 million.", "sources": "src-next-ar-2024" }, { "id": "l-oreal-acquires-aesop-2023", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2023-04-03", "closed": "2023-08-31", "buyer": "loreal", "seller": "natura-co", "assets": "aesop", "value_amount": 2525000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "L'Oréal acquired the Australian skincare brand Aesop from Natura &Co for $2.525 billion, its largest acquisition. Natura sold to reduce the debt it had taken on buying Avon and The Body Shop, so one group's retrenchment funded another's expansion.", "sources": "src-loreal-aesop-2023" }, { "id": "jnj-separates-kenvue-2023", "type": "spin_off", "status": "closed", "announced": "2021-11-12", "closed": "2023-08-23", "buyer": "kenvue", "seller": "johnson-and-johnson", "assets": "tylenol; band-aid; listerine; neutrogena; aveeno; johnsons-baby; nicorette; zyrtec; motrin; benadryl; ogx; carefree; stayfree", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": null, "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "Johnson & Johnson separated its consumer health business as Kenvue, which listed in May 2023 and was fully split off through an exchange offer completed on 23 August 2023. Tylenol, Band-Aid, Listerine, Neutrogena and Johnson's Baby all moved to the new company.", "sources": "src-kenvue-10k-2025" }, { "id": "monster-acquires-bang-2023", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2023-07-31", "buyer": "monster-beverage", "seller": "", "assets": "bang-energy", "value_amount": 363385000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Monster bought substantially all the assets of Vital Pharmaceuticals, including the Bang Energy drink business and a production plant in Phoenix, for $363.4 million in cash. It paid less than the assets were worth: Monster recorded a $45.4 million gain on the transaction because the fair value of what it acquired exceeded what it paid. Bang had spent years as Monster's most aggressive competitor and the two had been in court against each other.", "sources": "src-mnst-10k-2023" }, { "id": "shutterstock-acquires-giphy-2023", "type": "divestiture", "status": "closed", "announced": "2023-05-23", "closed": "2023-05-23", "buyer": "shutterstock", "seller": "meta-platforms", "assets": "giphy", "value_amount": 53000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Meta sold Giphy to Shutterstock for a reported $53 million, about a sixth of what it had paid three years earlier, to comply with the divestiture ordered by the Competition and Markets Authority.", "sources": "src-shutterstock-giphy-8k" }, { "id": "estee-lauder-acquires-tom-ford-2023", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2022-11-15", "closed": "2023-04-28", "buyer": "estee-lauder", "seller": "", "assets": "tom-ford-fashion", "value_amount": 2800000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Estée Lauder acquired the Tom Ford brand for about $2.8 billion, its largest acquisition, and immediately licensed the fashion and accessories business to Zegna while keeping beauty for itself. The trademark and the clothes therefore have different companies behind them.", "sources": "src-el-8k-2023-04-28" }, { "id": "loreal-acquires-thayers-2022", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2022-10-11", "closed": "2022-11-01", "buyer": "loreal", "seller": "", "assets": "thayers", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "L'Oreal acquired Thayers Natural Remedies, which has made witch hazel preparations since 1847 and whose alcohol-free toner became a substantial seller after online skincare communities recommended it. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-loreal-urd" }, { "id": "adani-acquires-ambuja-acc-2022", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2022-05-15", "closed": "2022-09-16", "buyer": "adani-group", "seller": "holcim", "assets": "ambuja-cement; acc-cement", "value_amount": 6500000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "The Adani family, through a special purpose vehicle, bought Holcim out of its Indian cement business. Holcim had announced on 15 May 2022 that it would sell its 63.19 per cent stake in Ambuja Cements and its 54.53 per cent stake in ACC (of which 50.05 per cent was held indirectly through Ambuja) to Adani; the sale closed on 16 September 2022, after mandatory open offers to Ambuja's and ACC's public shareholders, at a stated value of USD 6.50 billion for the Holcim stake and open offer consideration combined. This was not a purchase of either company outright: it transferred control, not full ownership. After completion Adani held 63.15 per cent of Ambuja Cements directly, and reached 56.69 per cent of ACC through a combination of a small direct stake and Ambuja's pre-existing 50.05 per cent holding in ACC — the same Ambuja-in-ACC stake the dataset already records as at completion. Public shareholders continued to hold the remainder of both companies on the Indian stock exchanges. The transaction made Adani India's second-largest cement producer and put the Ambuja Cement and ACC brands under Adani ownership in place of the Swiss group that had controlled them since the 2000s (ACC) and 2006 (Ambuja, via Holcim's predecessor Holcim Ltd/Lafarge-Holcim lineage).", "sources": "src-adani-holcim-announcement-2022; src-adani-cement-completion-2022; src-holcim-india-divestment-closing-2022" }, { "id": "amazon-acquires-irobot-2022", "type": "acquisition", "status": "terminated", "announced": "2022-08-05", "closed": null, "buyer": "amazon", "seller": "", "assets": "roomba", "value_amount": 1700000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "cma-amazon-irobot-2023", "summary": "Amazon agreed to acquire iRobot for about $1.7 billion, later reduced to about $1.4 billion. British regulators cleared it unconditionally; European regulators signalled objections, and Amazon abandoned the deal in January 2024, paying a $94 million termination fee. iRobot stayed independent until a Chapter 11 plan made it a wholly owned subsidiary of Shenzhen PICEA Robotics in January 2026.", "sources": "src-cma-irobot-deal" }, { "id": "gsk-demerges-haleon-2022", "type": "spin_off", "status": "closed", "announced": "2021-06-23", "closed": "2022-07-18", "buyer": "haleon", "seller": "gsk", "assets": "sensodyne; panadol; voltaren; centrum; advil; polident; otrivin; parodontax", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": null, "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "GSK demerged its consumer healthcare business as Haleon, listing it in London and New York in July 2022. The business already contained Pfizer's consumer health portfolio, contributed to a joint venture in 2019, which is how Advil and Centrum came to sit alongside Sensodyne and Panadol.", "sources": "src-haleon-10k-2025" }, { "id": "puig-acquires-byredo-2022", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2022-05-01", "closed": "2022-05-01", "buyer": "puig", "seller": "", "assets": "byredo", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Puig acquired a majority stake in Byredo, the Stockholm niche fragrance house founded in 2006 by a former professional basketball player with no training in perfumery. Reports valued the business near EUR 1 billion; the price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-puig-byredo-2022" }, { "id": "unilever-acquires-nutrafol-2022", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2022-05-01", "closed": "2022-05-01", "buyer": "unilever", "seller": "", "assets": "nutrafol", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Unilever took majority ownership of Nutrafol, a hair growth supplement brand, having first invested in 2018. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-unilever-prestige" }, { "id": "ferrero-acquires-wells-2022", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2022-02-24", "closed": "2022-04-01", "buyer": "ferrero", "seller": "", "assets": "wells-blue-bunny; halo-top", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Ferrero acquired Wells Enterprises, the largest privately held ice cream maker in the United States, bringing Blue Bunny and Halo Top into a company known for chocolate. The price was not disclosed. It followed Ferrero's earlier purchases of American confectionery and made it a substantial frozen dessert business as well.", "sources": "src-ferrero-wells-2022" }, { "id": "authentic-acquires-reebok-2022", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2021-08-12", "closed": "2022-03-08", "buyer": "authentic-brands", "seller": "adidas", "assets": "reebok", "value_amount": 2100000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Adidas sold Reebok to Authentic Brands Group for up to about €2.1 billion, having paid €3.1 billion for it in 2006. Adidas had been unable to grow the brand in fifteen years of ownership and wrote down its value repeatedly.", "sources": "src-adidas-reebok-2022" }, { "id": "nyt-acquires-the-athletic-2022", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2022-02-01", "buyer": "new-york-times-co", "seller": "", "assets": "the-athletic", "value_amount": 550000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "The New York Times Company acquired The Athletic Media Company, a subscription sports site covering clubs and teams in the United States and abroad, for an all-cash price of $550.0 million funded from cash on hand. It was large enough to change how the company reports itself: from the first quarter of 2022 the Times has had two reportable segments, The New York Times Group and The Athletic.", "sources": "src-nyt-10k-2022" }, { "id": "nyt-acquires-wordle-2022", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2022-01-31", "buyer": "new-york-times-co", "seller": "", "assets": "wordle", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "The New York Times Company bought Wordle from its creator Josh Wardle, months after the daily word game had become a global habit shared through grids of coloured squares. The Times has never disclosed the price. The game joined the Games portfolio alongside the Crossword and Spelling Bee, and the company keeps it free, treating it as a way to build an audience it can convert to subscriptions later.", "sources": "src-nyt-10k-2021; src-nyt-10k-2022" }, { "id": "helen-of-troy-acquires-osprey-2021", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2021-11-15", "closed": "2021-12-29", "buyer": "helen-of-troy", "seller": "", "assets": "osprey", "value_amount": 414000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Helen of Troy acquired Osprey Packs for about $414 million. Osprey offers to repair any pack it has ever made regardless of age or how the damage occurred, a guarantee that survived the change of ownership and is central to why customers buy them.", "sources": "src-hot-osprey-2021" }, { "id": "oldcastle-apg-acquires-pebbletec-2021", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2021-11-03", "closed": "2021-11-03", "buyer": "crh", "seller": "", "assets": "pebbletec", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "CRH’s Oldcastle APG business unit acquired Pebble Technology International, trading as PebbleTec, the category-defining brand in aggregate swimming pool finishes, from Graycliff Partners on 3 November 2021. PebbleTec, headquartered in Scottsdale, Arizona and operating from five U.S. locations, was folded into Oldcastle APG’s outdoor living portfolio alongside Belgard pavers, Techniseal sealers and MoistureShield decking. Graycliff Partners, the prior owner, is not itself a company in this dataset. Financial terms were not disclosed. Oldcastle APG is a CRH operating business rather than a separate legal entity in this dataset, so the buyer is recorded as CRH.", "sources": "src-oldcastleapg-pebbletec-2021; src-prnewswire-pebbletec-2021" }, { "id": "coca-cola-acquires-bodyarmor-2021", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2021-11-01", "closed": "2021-11-01", "buyer": "coca-cola-company", "seller": "", "assets": "bodyarmor", "value_amount": 5600000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Coca-Cola paid $5.6 billion for the remaining stake in BodyArmor, its largest brand acquisition ever. It bought a sports drink built explicitly to attack Gatorade, giving Coca-Cola a credible competitor in a category PepsiCo had dominated for decades.", "sources": "src-ko-bodyarmor-2021" }, { "id": "apollo-acquires-yahoo-2021", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2021-05-03", "closed": "2021-09-01", "buyer": "apollo-global", "seller": "", "assets": "yahoo; yahoo-mail; yahoo-finance; yahoo-sports; aol; engadget", "value_amount": 5000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Funds managed by Apollo Global Management acquired ninety per cent of Verizon Media, comprising Yahoo and AOL and their properties, in a deal valued at about $5 billion. Verizon retained the remaining ten per cent.", "sources": "src-apollo-yahoo-2021" }, { "id": "sony-acquires-crunchyroll-2021", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2020-12-09", "closed": "2021-08-09", "buyer": "sony-group", "seller": "", "assets": "crunchyroll", "value_amount": 1175000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Sony acquired Crunchyroll from AT&T for $1.175 billion and merged its own Funimation service into it. Crunchyroll had begun as an unlicensed anime site run by university students; simultaneous licensed release is what turned anime into a mainstream global business.", "sources": "src-sony-crunchyroll-2021" }, { "id": "colombini-acquires-bontempi-2021", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2021-08-02", "buyer": "colombini-group", "seller": "", "assets": "bontempi-casa; ingenia-casa", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": null, "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "Colombini Group acquired 60 per cent of the Bontempi Casa Group of Camerano, in the province of Ancona, and with it the Bontempi Casa and Ingenia brands, extending a San Marino kitchen and bedroom manufacturer into tables, chairs and furnishing accessories at the medium and luxury end. Bontempi had turned over about 35 million euros in 2019 and grew about 25 per cent in the first half of 2021 against that year. Colombini financed the purchase itself, partly on a credit line taken out for it, and described the deal as a first step towards a national hub of the Italian furniture industry.", "sources": "src-colombini-bontempi-2021" }, { "id": "unilever-acquires-paulas-choice-2021", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2021-06-16", "closed": "2021-08-01", "buyer": "unilever", "seller": "", "assets": "paulas-choice", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Unilever acquired Paula's Choice, a skincare brand founded by a writer who had built an audience by criticising the cosmetics industry's claims. Press reports suggested around $2 billion; neither party disclosed a figure.", "sources": "src-unilever-prestige" }, { "id": "hormel-acquires-planters-2021", "type": "divestiture", "status": "closed", "announced": "2021-02-11", "closed": "2021-06-07", "buyer": "hormel", "seller": "kraft-heinz", "assets": "planters-nuts", "value_amount": 3350000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Hormel bought the Planters nut business from Kraft Heinz, which was selling non-core brands to reduce debt after the failure of its cost-cutting strategy. It was the largest acquisition Hormel had made.", "sources": "src-hormel-10k-2025" }, { "id": "estee-lauder-acquires-deciem-2021", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2021-02-23", "closed": "2021-05-06", "buyer": "estee-lauder", "seller": "", "assets": "the-ordinary", "value_amount": 1000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Estee Lauder raised its stake in DECIEM, the parent of The Ordinary, to a controlling position in a transaction valuing the business at about $2.2 billion. The Ordinary had built its following by naming active ingredients and their concentrations on the front of the pack at prices far below prestige skincare.", "sources": "src-el-deciem-2021" }, { "id": "ralph-lauren-sells-club-monaco-2021", "type": "divestiture", "status": "closed", "announced": "2021-01-25", "closed": "2021-05-01", "buyer": "regent-lp", "seller": "ralph-lauren", "assets": "club-monaco", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Ralph Lauren sold Club Monaco to Regent, a Los Angeles private investment firm, having owned the Canadian contemporary clothing brand since 1999. The price was not disclosed. Ralph Lauren had been narrowing its portfolio to concentrate on its own name.", "sources": "src-ralph-lauren-club-monaco-2021" }, { "id": "buzzi-acquires-cnc-2021", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2020-01-01", "closed": "2021-04-16", "buyer": "buzzi", "seller": "crh", "assets": "cimento-nacional", "value_amount": 218000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "The buyer of record was Companhia Nacional de Cimento (CNC), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Brazilian holding company BCPAR, in which Buzzi Unicem has held 50% since November 2018 alongside Grupo Ricardo Brennand; it is not a separate company in this dataset, so Buzzi Unicem is recorded as buyer here. CNC agreed to buy all of CRH group's Brazilian operations - three full-cycle cement plants and two grinding centres in the southeast, mainly in Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro - at \"a price of US$ 218 million, subject to adjustments based on the net financial situation at the closing date,\" per Buzzi's own account; that phrasing does not characterise the figure as an enterprise value or say assumed debt is included, so it is recorded here as the agreed purchase price. Buzzi's history page dates the agreement only to October 2020, without a day, so only the year is recorded for the announcement date. The purchase closed on 16 April 2021 after clearance from Brazil's antitrust authority CADE, roughly doubling Cimento Nacional's production capacity and giving it its first southeastern Brazil footprint; Buzzi Unicem financed CNC for up to US$242 million to fund the deal.", "sources": "src-buzzi-cnc-crh-2021; src-buzzi-history-brazil" }, { "id": "moncler-acquires-stone-island-2021", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2020-12-07", "closed": "2021-03-31", "buyer": "moncler", "seller": "", "assets": "stone-island", "value_amount": 1150000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Moncler acquired Stone Island in a deal valuing it at about €1.15 billion, bringing together two Italian outerwear brands with very different origins: one alpine and luxury, the other technical and adopted by British football subculture.", "sources": "src-moncler-stone-island-2021" }, { "id": "authentic-acquires-eddie-bauer-2021", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2021-03-01", "closed": "2021-03-01", "buyer": "authentic-brands", "seller": "", "assets": "eddie-bauer", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Authentic Brands acquired Eddie Bauer, the outdoor company whose founder patented the quilted down jacket in 1940 after nearly dying of hypothermia. The price was not disclosed, and the brand is licensed to operators rather than run by its owner.", "sources": "src-abg-eddiebauer-2021" }, { "id": "ziff-davis-acquires-mashable-2021", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2021-02-01", "closed": "2021-02-01", "buyer": "ziff-davis", "seller": "", "assets": "mashable", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Ziff Davis acquired Mashable, which had been started by a nineteen-year-old in Scotland, grown into a large digital publisher, and sold in 2017 for a fraction of its peak valuation. Neither party disclosed the price.", "sources": "src-zd-mashable-2021" }, { "id": "alphabet-acquires-fitbit-2021", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2019-11-01", "closed": "2021-01-14", "buyer": "alphabet", "seller": "", "assets": "fitbit", "value_amount": 2100000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Google acquired Fitbit for about $2.1 billion after a review lasting more than a year. The European Commission cleared it only against binding commitments not to use Fitbit health data for advertising and to keep rival wearables working with Android.", "sources": "src-alphabet-fitbit-2021" }, { "id": "lvmh-acquires-tiffany-2021", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2019-11-25", "closed": "2021-01-07", "buyer": "lvmh", "seller": "tiffany-and-co-company", "assets": "tiffany", "value_amount": 15800000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "LVMH acquired Tiffany & Co. for $131.50 a share after renegotiating down from $135 during the pandemic and settling litigation between the parties. It is the largest acquisition in luxury goods.", "sources": "src-lvmh-ar-2025" }, { "id": "otb-acquires-jil-sander-2021", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2021-01-01", "buyer": "otb-group", "seller": "onward-holdings", "assets": "jil-sander", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "OTB bought Jil Sander from the Japanese group Onward Holdings in 2021, adding a minimalist German house to a portfolio built around Diesel and Maison Margiela. Neither side disclosed a price. OTB reported the following February that Jil Sander had reached break-even nine months after joining the group. Only the year is recorded here.", "sources": "src-otb-history; src-otb-results-2021; src-onward-ar-2017" }, { "id": "inspire-acquires-dunkin-2020", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2020-10-30", "closed": "2020-12-15", "buyer": "inspire-brands", "seller": "dunkin-brands", "assets": "dunkin; baskin-robbins", "value_amount": 11300000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Inspire Brands acquired Dunkin' Brands for $106.50 per share in cash, taking the company private and adding Dunkin' and Baskin-Robbins to a portfolio it had assembled in under three years. It was one of the largest restaurant transactions ever completed.", "sources": "src-inspire-brands" }, { "id": "coty-acquires-wella-kkr-2021", "type": "divestiture", "status": "closed", "announced": "2020-06-01", "closed": "2020-12-01", "buyer": "kkr", "seller": "coty", "assets": "wella-professionals; nioxin", "value_amount": 4300000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Coty sold a controlling sixty per cent stake in its professional beauty and retail hair business to KKR, valuing it at about $4.3 billion. The carve-out created Wella Company as a standalone business, which is why salon brands and Coty fragrances now sit under different owners.", "sources": "src-coty-8k-2020-12-01" }, { "id": "mars-acquires-kind-2020", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2020-11-01", "closed": "2020-11-01", "buyer": "mars", "seller": "", "assets": "kind-snacks", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Mars took full ownership of KIND, having held a minority stake since 2017. The snack bar company had built its position on visible whole ingredients through a transparent wrapper, and its founder stayed on to lead it.", "sources": "src-mars-kind-2020" }, { "id": "unilever-acquires-liquid-iv-2020", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2020-11-01", "closed": "2020-11-01", "buyer": "unilever", "seller": "", "assets": "liquid-iv", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Unilever acquired Liquid I.V., an American hydration powder brand sold largely online. The price was not disclosed, and the brand has since become one of the faster-growing products in the group's portfolio.", "sources": "src-unilever-prestige" }, { "id": "authentic-acquires-brooks-brothers-2020", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2020-08-14", "closed": "2020-09-30", "buyer": "authentic-brands", "seller": "", "assets": "brooks-brothers", "value_amount": 325000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Authentic Brands and Simon Property Group bought Brooks Brothers out of bankruptcy for about $325 million. The oldest clothing retailer in America, founded in 1818, had been undone by the collapse in demand for office tailoring.", "sources": "src-abg-brooksbrothers-2020" }, { "id": "mars-renames-uncle-bens-2020", "type": "rebrand", "status": "closed", "announced": "2020-06-17", "closed": "2020-09-23", "buyer": "mars", "seller": "", "assets": "uncle-bens", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": null, "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "Mars renamed Uncle Ben's to Ben's Original and removed the image of an elderly Black man from the packaging, after criticism during the 2020 racial justice protests that the branding drew on a servant stereotype.", "sources": "src-mars-brands" }, { "id": "asahi-acquires-cub-2020", "type": "divestiture", "status": "closed", "announced": "2019-07-19", "closed": "2020-06-01", "buyer": "asahi-group", "seller": "ab-inbev", "assets": "carlton-draught; victoria-bitter", "value_amount": 16000000000, "value_currency": "AUD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Asahi acquired Carlton & United Breweries, the Australian business AB InBev had inherited with SABMiller, giving it Victoria Bitter and Carlton Draught. The Australian competition regulator required Asahi to divest several cider and beer brands before approving the deal.", "sources": "src-asahi-ar-2025" }, { "id": "puig-acquires-charlotte-tilbury-2020", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2020-06-01", "closed": "2020-06-01", "buyer": "puig", "seller": "", "assets": "charlotte-tilbury", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "GBP", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Puig acquired a majority of Charlotte Tilbury, a British makeup brand built by a professional artist on selling finished looks rather than individual products. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-puig-tilbury-2020" }, { "id": "meta-acquires-giphy-2020", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2020-05-15", "closed": "2020-05-15", "buyer": "meta-platforms", "seller": "", "assets": "giphy", "value_amount": 315000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "cma-facebook-giphy-2022", "summary": "Meta acquired Giphy for a reported $315 million without notifying the British competition regulator in advance, which it was not required to do. The Competition and Markets Authority opened an inquiry after the fact and ultimately ordered the acquisition unwound.", "sources": "src-cma-giphy-deal" }, { "id": "unilever-acquires-horlicks-2020", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2018-12-03", "closed": "2020-04-01", "buyer": "unilever", "seller": "", "assets": "horlicks", "value_amount": 3300000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Unilever acquired GlaxoSmithKline's Indian consumer nutrition business, including Horlicks, in a transaction valued at about €3.3 billion and settled largely in Hindustan Unilever shares. It is one of the largest deals ever done in Indian consumer goods.", "sources": "src-unilever-horlicks-2020" }, { "id": "pepsico-acquires-rockstar-2020", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2020-03-11", "closed": "2020-03-11", "buyer": "pepsico", "seller": "", "assets": "rockstar", "value_amount": 3850000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "PepsiCo acquired Rockstar Energy for $3.85 billion, having distributed the brand in North America since 2009. It gave PepsiCo a wholly owned energy drink at a point when the category was growing faster than carbonated soft drinks.", "sources": "src-pepsi-rockstar-2020" }, { "id": "authentic-acquires-forever-21-2020", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2020-02-01", "closed": "2020-02-01", "buyer": "authentic-brands", "seller": "", "assets": "forever-21", "value_amount": 81000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Authentic Brands bought Forever 21 out of bankruptcy for about $81 million, jointly with the mall owners Simon Property Group and Brookfield. Two of its largest landlords buying the retailer was a striking arrangement: they were, in effect, buying their own tenant to keep the space occupied.", "sources": "src-abg-forever21-2020" }, { "id": "paypal-acquires-honey-2020", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2019-11-20", "closed": "2020-01-06", "buyer": "paypal", "seller": "", "assets": "honey", "value_amount": 4000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "PayPal acquired Honey Science Corporation for total consideration of about $4.0 billion, roughly $3.6 billion in cash plus $400 million in assumed restricted stock, restricted stock units and options. It was PayPal's only acquisition completed in 2020 and its largest to that point, bought to push the company beyond the checkout button and into the part of shopping that happens before it.", "sources": "src-paypal-10k-2020; src-paypal-s8-honey-2020" }, { "id": "perrigo-acquires-prevacid-rights-2019", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2019-11-29", "buyer": "perrigo", "seller": "gsk", "assets": "prevacid", "value_amount": 61500000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Perrigo bought the branded over-the-counter rights to Prevacid 24HR from GlaxoSmithKline for $61.5 million in cash, capitalising $61.7 million including closing costs as a brand intangible and amortising it over twenty years. What changed hands was the right to sell the brand over the counter rather than the underlying drug, which is how most of Perrigo's branded portfolio has been assembled.", "sources": "src-perrigo-10k-2020" }, { "id": "colgate-acquires-filorga-2019", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2019-06-11", "closed": "2019-07-31", "buyer": "colgate-palmolive", "seller": "", "assets": "filorga", "value_amount": 1690000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Colgate-Palmolive acquired the French skincare brand Filorga for about €1.69 billion, its largest acquisition. It was an attempt to move into higher-margin premium skin care, a category dominated by L'Oréal and Estée Lauder.", "sources": "src-colgate-filorga-2019" }, { "id": "ferrero-acquires-kellogg-cookies-2019", "type": "divestiture", "status": "closed", "announced": "2019-04-01", "closed": "2019-07-29", "buyer": "ferrero", "seller": "kellanova", "assets": "keebler; famous-amos", "value_amount": 1300000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Kellogg sold Keebler, Famous Amos and the rest of its cookies and fruit snacks business to Ferrero as it concentrated on snacks and cereal. The seller entity later became Kellanova in the 2023 split.", "sources": "src-kellanova-ar-2025" }, { "id": "unilever-acquires-tatcha-2019", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2019-06-01", "closed": "2019-06-01", "buyer": "unilever", "seller": "", "assets": "tatcha", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Unilever acquired Tatcha, a skincare brand drawing on Japanese ingredients and ritual. Press reports put the price near $500 million, but neither party disclosed it, so no figure is recorded here.", "sources": "src-unilever-prestige" }, { "id": "vf-spins-off-kontoor-2019", "type": "spin_off", "status": "closed", "announced": "2018-08-13", "closed": "2019-05-23", "buyer": "kontoor-brands", "seller": "vf-corporation", "assets": "wrangler; lee-jeans", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": null, "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "VF Corporation spun off its jeanswear business as Kontoor Brands, distributing shares to VF shareholders. The separation let VF concentrate on outdoor and activewear brands growing faster than denim, and gave Wrangler and Lee a management team focused on that category alone.", "sources": "src-kontoor-10k-2025" }, { "id": "knauf-acquires-usg-2019", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2018-06-11", "closed": "2019-04-24", "buyer": "knauf", "seller": "", "assets": "usg; sheetrock", "value_amount": 7000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Knauf, the privately held German building-materials group, bought all of the outstanding shares of USG Corporation for cash, ending USG's life as a publicly traded, US-listed company. The deal was announced on 11 June 2018 in a transaction the companies valued at approximately USD 7.0 billion, structured as USD 43.50 per share in cash at closing plus a USD 0.50 per share special dividend conditional on shareholder approval, for USD 44.00 per share in total; USG shareholders approved the merger on 26 September 2018 and the special dividend was paid on 2 October 2018. A Knauf subsidiary, World Cup Acquisition Corporation, merged into USG on 24 April 2019, with USG continuing as the surviving corporation and becoming an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Knauf. No company id for USG's former parent (it was independently listed, not owned by another company in this dataset) exists to record as a seller, so seller is left empty; what changed hands was control of USG and its Sheetrock wallboard brand, which moved from public US ownership to a German family company.", "sources": "src-knauf-usg-announcement-2018; src-usg-8k-completion-2019; src-knauf-usg-completion-pr-2019" }, { "id": "disney-acquires-fox-2019", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-12-14", "closed": "2019-03-20", "buyer": "disney", "seller": "", "assets": "twentieth-century-studios; national-geographic; searchlight-pictures", "value_amount": 71300000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Disney acquired most of Twenty-First Century Fox for about $71.3 billion in cash and stock, after outbidding Comcast. The film and television studios, National Geographic and the Star and Hulu stakes transferred; the Fox news, sports and broadcast assets were spun into the separate Fox Corporation.", "sources": "src-disney-8k-2019-03-20" }, { "id": "match-acquires-hinge-2019", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2018-06-21", "closed": "2019-02-01", "buyer": "match-group", "seller": "", "assets": "hinge", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Match Group took full ownership of Hinge, having bought a majority the previous year. Hinge had positioned itself explicitly against the swiping model of its new owner's largest brand, and has since grown faster than any other app in the group.", "sources": "src-match-hinge-2019" }, { "id": "coca-cola-acquires-costa-2019", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2018-08-31", "closed": "2019-01-03", "buyer": "coca-cola-company", "seller": "whitbread", "assets": "costa-coffee", "value_amount": 4900000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Coca-Cola bought Costa Coffee from Whitbread, its first move into a large hot drinks platform and its entry into physical coffee retail.", "sources": "src-coca-cola-10k-2025" }, { "id": "energizer-acquires-spectrum-batteries-2019", "type": "divestiture", "status": "closed", "announced": "2018-01-15", "closed": "2019-01-02", "buyer": "energizer", "seller": "spectrum-brands", "assets": "rayovac; varta-consumer", "value_amount": 2000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Energizer bought the Rayovac and Varta consumer battery businesses from Spectrum Brands, consolidating three of the largest battery brands in North America and Europe under one owner. European regulators required Energizer to divest the Varta business in several markets before clearing the deal.", "sources": "src-energizer-10k-2025" }, { "id": "capri-acquires-versace-2018", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2018-09-25", "closed": "2018-12-31", "buyer": "capri-holdings", "seller": "", "assets": "versace", "value_amount": 2100000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Michael Kors acquired Versace for about $2.1 billion and renamed itself Capri Holdings, following the same logic that had turned Coach into Tapestry a year earlier. Donatella Versace stayed as creative director and the family took shares in the buyer.", "sources": "src-capri-8k-2018-12-31" }, { "id": "unilever-acquires-vegetarian-butcher-2018", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2018-12-19", "closed": "2018-12-19", "buyer": "unilever", "seller": "", "assets": "vegetarian-butcher", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Unilever acquired The Vegetarian Butcher, a Dutch meat substitute company founded by a former farmer. It later supplied the plant-based patty used by Burger King across Europe. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-unilever-prestige" }, { "id": "pepsico-acquires-sodastream-2018", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2018-08-20", "closed": "2018-12-05", "buyer": "pepsico", "seller": "", "assets": "sodastream", "value_amount": 3200000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "PepsiCo acquired SodaStream for $144 per share in cash, about $3.2 billion. Buying a company whose product lets people make fizzy drinks at home was an unusual move for a business that sells them ready-made in cans.", "sources": "src-sodastream-6k-2018-12-05" }, { "id": "conagra-acquires-pinnacle-2018", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2018-06-27", "closed": "2018-10-26", "buyer": "conagra", "seller": "pinnacle-foods", "assets": "birds-eye-us; duncan-hines; vlasic; udis", "value_amount": 10900000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Conagra acquired Pinnacle Foods in a cash and stock deal, adding Birds Eye, Duncan Hines and Vlasic. Conagra sold its Wesson oil brand to satisfy competition concerns, and Pinnacle had been an acquisition target for several years before the deal closed.", "sources": "src-conagra-10k-2025" }, { "id": "microsoft-acquires-github-2018", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2018-06-04", "closed": "2018-10-26", "buyer": "microsoft", "seller": "", "assets": "github", "value_amount": 7500000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Microsoft acquired GitHub for $7.5 billion in stock. The European Commission cleared the deal unconditionally in October 2018, finding no risk that the buyer would degrade the platform for rival developer tools.", "sources": "src-msft-10q-2019q2" }, { "id": "comcast-acquires-sky-2018", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2018-09-22", "closed": "2018-10-09", "buyer": "comcast", "seller": "", "assets": "sky", "value_amount": 30000000000, "value_currency": "GBP", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Comcast won Sky in a rare televised auction ordered by the British Takeover Panel, outbidding Twenty-First Century Fox at about £30 billion. It gave Comcast pay television across Britain, Ireland, Germany and Italy in a single step.", "sources": "src-comcast-sky-2018" }, { "id": "nestle-acquires-starbucks-retail-2018", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2018-05-07", "closed": "2018-08-28", "buyer": "nestle", "seller": "starbucks", "assets": "starbucks-at-home", "value_amount": 7150000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Nestlé paid Starbucks $7.15 billion in cash for the perpetual right to sell Starbucks packaged coffee and tea in shops worldwide. No factories or staff transferred: the payment bought a licence, which is why the cafés and the supermarket bags now have different owners.", "sources": "src-starbucks-8k-2018-08-28" }, { "id": "kkr-acquires-unilever-spreads-2018", "type": "divestiture", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-12-15", "closed": "2018-07-02", "buyer": "kkr", "seller": "unilever", "assets": "flora; becel; country-crock; i-cant-believe-its-not-butter; rama; blue-band; proactiv-spread", "value_amount": 6825000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Unilever sold its spreads business to KKR, which established it as a standalone company named Upfield. Unilever had been trying to exit margarine for years as consumption declined, and the sale followed its rejection of a takeover approach from Kraft Heinz that had prompted a strategic review.", "sources": "src-upfield-brands" }, { "id": "bayer-acquires-monsanto-2018", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2016-09-14", "closed": "2018-06-07", "buyer": "bayer", "seller": "monsanto", "assets": "roundup", "value_amount": 63000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "doj-bayer-monsanto-2018", "summary": "Bayer acquired Monsanto for $128 per share in cash, creating the largest agricultural inputs company in the world. Regulators required Bayer to sell substantial seed and crop protection assets to BASF. The deal brought Bayer the Roundup brand and the glyphosate litigation attached to it, which has since cost it many billions in settlements.", "sources": "src-bayer-ar-2025" }, { "id": "authentic-acquires-nautica-2018", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2018-04-30", "closed": "2018-04-30", "buyer": "authentic-brands", "seller": "vf-corporation", "assets": "nautica", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Authentic Brands acquired Nautica from VF Corporation, which was shedding brands to concentrate on outdoor and workwear. Authentic bought the trademark and licenses it to operators who design and sell the clothing, so the company that owns the name does not make the products.", "sources": "src-abg-nautica-2018" }, { "id": "sainsburys-asda-merger-2019", "type": "merger", "status": "blocked", "announced": "2018-04-30", "closed": null, "buyer": "sainsburys", "seller": "", "assets": "asda", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "GBP", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "cma-sainsburys-asda-2019", "summary": "Sainsbury's and Asda agreed to merge in 2018, which would have created the largest supermarket group in Britain ahead of Tesco. The Competition and Markets Authority prohibited it in April 2019 and the parties abandoned the transaction.", "sources": "src-cma-sainsburys-asda-deal" }, { "id": "general-mills-acquires-blue-buffalo-2018", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2018-02-23", "closed": "2018-04-24", "buyer": "general-mills", "seller": "", "assets": "blue-buffalo", "value_amount": 8000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "General Mills acquired Blue Buffalo for about $8 billion, its largest acquisition. Pet food had been growing while packaged human food stagnated, and Blue Buffalo sold on named whole ingredients rather than meat meals, largely through pet specialty retailers.", "sources": "src-gis-bluebuffalo-2018" }, { "id": "ferrero-acquires-nestle-us-candy-2018", "type": "divestiture", "status": "closed", "announced": "2018-01-16", "closed": "2018-03-31", "buyer": "ferrero", "seller": "nestle", "assets": "butterfinger; baby-ruth; crunch-bar", "value_amount": 2800000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Nestlé sold its United States confectionery business, including Butterfinger, Baby Ruth, Crunch and around twenty other brands, to Ferrero. Nestlé kept its confectionery businesses in every other market.", "sources": "src-ferrero-brands" }, { "id": "campbells-acquires-snyders-lance-2018", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-12-18", "closed": "2018-03-26", "buyer": "campbells", "seller": "snyders-lance", "assets": "snyders-of-hanover; lance; cape-cod-chips; kettle-brand", "value_amount": 6100000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Campbell's bought snack maker Snyder's-Lance for $50 per share in cash, roughly doubling the size of its snacks business and moving the company away from its dependence on condensed soup, a category in long-term decline.", "sources": "src-campbells-10k-2025" }, { "id": "lactalis-acquires-siggis-2018", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2018-01-01", "closed": "2018-01-01", "buyer": "lactalis", "seller": "", "assets": "siggis", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Lactalis acquired Siggi's, an American skyr maker founded by an Icelandic immigrant who could not find yoghurt as thick or as low in sugar as the one he had grown up with. The price was not disclosed and only the year is documented here.", "sources": "src-lactalis-history" }, { "id": "sc-johnson-acquires-method-2018", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-09-14", "closed": "2018-01-01", "buyer": "sc-johnson", "seller": "", "assets": "method", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "SC Johnson agreed in September 2017 to buy Method and Ecover from People Against Dirty, and completed the purchase in 2018 after clearing regulators in the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. The company said at the time that, being privately held, it does not disclose financial details of its transactions, and it never has. Only the year of completion is recorded here.", "sources": "src-scj-method-2017; src-scj-acquisitions" }, { "id": "utz-acquires-inventure-2017", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-10-26", "closed": "2017-12-14", "buyer": "utz-brands", "seller": "", "assets": "boulder-canyon", "value_amount": 165000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Utz acquired Inventure Foods for about $165 million, bringing Boulder Canyon into the group. Boulder Canyon cooks its crisps in avocado and olive oil rather than conventional vegetable oil, which costs considerably more and is why it sits at a premium price in natural grocery.", "sources": "src-utz-inventure-2017" }, { "id": "unilever-acquires-sundial-2017", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-11-27", "closed": "2017-12-01", "buyer": "unilever", "seller": "", "assets": "sheamoisture", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Unilever acquired Sundial Brands, owner of SheaMoisture, a company built around hair and skin care for Black consumers that mainstream brands had long underserved. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-unilever-prestige" }, { "id": "hormel-acquires-columbus-2017", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-10-30", "closed": "2017-11-27", "buyer": "hormel", "seller": "", "assets": "columbus-craft-meats", "value_amount": 850000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Hormel acquired Columbus Manufacturing for about $850 million, buying a San Francisco maker of salami and Italian-style deli meats founded by an immigrant family in 1917. It gave Hormel a premium delicatessen business sold at the counter rather than from the shelf.", "sources": "src-hormel-columbus-2017" }, { "id": "ziff-davis-acquires-humble-bundle-2017", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-10-11", "closed": "2017-10-11", "buyer": "ziff-davis", "seller": "", "assets": "humble-bundle", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Ziff Davis acquired Humble Bundle, which sells collections of games at a price the buyer chooses and splits the money between developers, charity and the platform. The price was not disclosed, and the charitable model has continued under the new owner.", "sources": "src-zd-humble-2017" }, { "id": "vf-acquires-dickies-2017", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-08-15", "closed": "2017-10-02", "buyer": "vf-corporation", "seller": "", "assets": "dickies", "value_amount": 820000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "VF Corporation acquired Williamson-Dickie for about $820 million, buying the workwear brand founded in Texas in 1922. Dickies had become streetwear well beyond the trades it was made for, a shift the company had not engineered.", "sources": "src-vf-dickies-2017" }, { "id": "coca-cola-acquires-topo-chico-2017", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-10-01", "closed": "2017-10-01", "buyer": "coca-cola-company", "seller": "", "assets": "topo-chico", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Coca-Cola acquired the Mexican sparkling mineral water brand Topo Chico, which had a devoted following in Texas long before it was distributed nationally. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-ko-topochico-2017" }, { "id": "mars-acquires-vca-2017", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-01-09", "closed": "2017-09-12", "buyer": "mars", "seller": "", "assets": "banfield; vca", "value_amount": 9100000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Mars acquired VCA Inc., the largest chain of veterinary hospitals in the United States, for about $9.1 billion including debt. Mars already owned Banfield, and the combination made the largest pet food company in the world also the largest provider of veterinary care.", "sources": "src-vca-8k-2017-09-12" }, { "id": "amazon-acquires-whole-foods-2017", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-06-16", "closed": "2017-08-28", "buyer": "amazon", "seller": "whole-foods-market-inc", "assets": "whole-foods; 365-by-whole-foods", "value_amount": 13700000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Amazon acquired Whole Foods Market for $42 per share in cash, its largest acquisition and its entry into physical grocery retail. Share prices of established supermarket chains fell sharply on the announcement, and Amazon cut Whole Foods prices within days of closing.", "sources": "src-amazon-10k-2025" }, { "id": "diageo-acquires-casamigos-2017", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-06-21", "closed": "2017-08-21", "buyer": "diageo", "seller": "", "assets": "casamigos", "value_amount": 1000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Diageo bought Casamigos, the tequila founded by George Clooney, Rande Gerber and Mike Meldman, for $700 million up front and up to $300 million more on performance. The price for a four-year-old brand helped set off a wave of celebrity spirits deals.", "sources": "src-diageo-ar-2025" }, { "id": "mccormick-acquires-frenchs-2017", "type": "divestiture", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-07-19", "closed": "2017-08-17", "buyer": "mccormick", "seller": "reckitt", "assets": "frenchs; franks-redhot", "value_amount": 4200000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "McCormick bought French's mustard and Frank's RedHot from Reckitt Benckiser, which had inherited the food business through Reckitt & Colman and was selling it to fund its purchase of Mead Johnson. It was McCormick's largest acquisition.", "sources": "src-mccormick-10k-2025" }, { "id": "church-dwight-acquires-waterpik-2017", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-07-25", "closed": "2017-08-07", "buyer": "church-and-dwight", "seller": "", "assets": "waterpik", "value_amount": 1000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Church & Dwight acquired Waterpik for about $1 billion, its largest acquisition. Waterpik had effectively created the water flosser, a device dentists recommend for people who cannot floss conventionally, and it gave the company a durable oral care business alongside its toothpaste.", "sources": "src-cd-waterpik-2017" }, { "id": "lactalis-acquires-stonyfield-2017", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-07-03", "closed": "2017-08-01", "buyer": "lactalis", "seller": "danone", "assets": "stonyfield", "value_amount": 875000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Lactalis acquired Stonyfield Farm from Danone for about $875 million. Danone was selling because American antitrust authorities required it to divest Stonyfield as a condition of completing its purchase of WhiteWave Foods, so this acquisition exists only because of a remedy imposed on another deal in this dataset.", "sources": "src-lactalis-history" }, { "id": "unilever-acquires-hourglass-2017", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-08-01", "closed": "2017-08-01", "buyer": "unilever", "seller": "", "assets": "hourglass", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Unilever acquired Hourglass Cosmetics, a colour cosmetics brand that does not test on animals and went fully vegan in 2020. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-unilever-prestige" }, { "id": "tapestry-acquires-kate-spade-2017", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-05-08", "closed": "2017-07-11", "buyer": "tapestry", "seller": "", "assets": "kate-spade", "value_amount": 2400000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Coach acquired Kate Spade for $18.50 per share, about $2.4 billion. Owning several brands rather than being one prompted the company to rename itself Tapestry the following October, a change its own shareholders received poorly.", "sources": "src-tapestry-8k-2017-07-11" }, { "id": "reckitt-acquires-mead-johnson-2017", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-02-10", "closed": "2017-06-15", "buyer": "reckitt", "seller": "mead-johnson-nutrition", "assets": "enfamil", "value_amount": 17900000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Reckitt Benckiser acquired infant formula maker Mead Johnson Nutrition for $90 a share, its largest deal. The acquisition later required substantial write-downs and Reckitt sold the China infant nutrition business in 2021.", "sources": "src-reckitt-ar-2025" }, { "id": "sherwin-acquires-valspar-2017", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2016-03-20", "closed": "2017-06-01", "buyer": "sherwin-williams", "seller": "", "assets": "valspar", "value_amount": 11300000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Sherwin-Williams acquired Valspar for about $11.3 billion, requiring divestitures to satisfy competition regulators. Valspar traces to a Boston paint business founded in 1806 and was the paint sold through Lowe's, a rival retailer to the buyer's own stores.", "sources": "src-shw-valspar-2017" }, { "id": "heineken-acquires-lagunitas-2017", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-05-01", "closed": "2017-05-01", "buyer": "heineken", "seller": "", "assets": "lagunitas", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Heineken took full ownership of the Californian craft brewer Lagunitas, having bought half in 2015. Craft brewers acquired by multinationals frequently lose shelf space in independent bottle shops as a result, a tension the sector still argues about.", "sources": "src-heineken-lagunitas-2017" }, { "id": "oldcastle-apg-acquires-aert-2017", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-03-16", "closed": "2017-05-01", "buyer": "crh", "seller": "", "assets": "moistureshield", "value_amount": 117000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Oldcastle Architectural, Inc. (part of CRH’s Oldcastle APG business) agreed on 16 March 2017 to acquire Advanced Environmental Recycling Technologies, Inc. (AERT), a Nasdaq-listed maker of composite decking, in an all-cash merger at an enterprise value of $117 million as stated in AERT’s SEC information statement; the cash paid to holders was calculated by subtracting AERT’s net debt and transaction expenses from that figure, working out to $0.135936 per common share and $2,603.483278 per preferred share. A merger subsidiary of Oldcastle Architectural merged into AERT on 1 May 2017, making AERT a wholly owned subsidiary of Oldcastle Architectural, per AERT’s Form 8-K filed that day. This is the actual acquisition behind the brand: two years later, in May 2019, Oldcastle APG renamed the acquired composite-decking business from AERT to MoistureShield, which was a rebranding rather than a separate transaction and is not recorded as its own deal. Oldcastle APG is a CRH operating business rather than a separate legal entity in this dataset, so the buyer is recorded as CRH.", "sources": "src-aert-8k-2017; src-aert-defm14c-2017" }, { "id": "danone-acquires-whitewave-2017", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2016-07-07", "closed": "2017-04-12", "buyer": "danone", "seller": "", "assets": "alpro; silk; international-delight", "value_amount": 12500000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Danone acquired WhiteWave Foods for about $12.5 billion, buying Alpro in Europe and Silk in America. It made Danone the clear leader in plant-based drinks, and the Department of Justice required the divestiture of its own American organic milk business to clear it.", "sources": "src-danone-whitewave-2017" }, { "id": "asahi-acquires-sabmiller-cee-2017", "type": "divestiture", "status": "closed", "announced": "2016-12-13", "closed": "2017-03-31", "buyer": "asahi-group", "seller": "ab-inbev", "assets": "pilsner-urquell; tyskie", "value_amount": 7300000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Asahi bought SABMiller's central and eastern European businesses from AB InBev, including Pilsner Urquell in the Czech Republic and Tyskie in Poland, in the second and larger tranche of divestitures required to clear the SABMiller merger.", "sources": "src-asahi-ar-2025" }, { "id": "loreal-acquires-cerave-2017", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2017-01-10", "closed": "2017-03-01", "buyer": "loreal", "seller": "", "assets": "cerave", "value_amount": 1300000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "L'Oreal acquired CeraVe along with two other skincare brands from Valeant for $1.3 billion in cash. CeraVe had been developed with dermatologists around ceramides and was recommended by them far more than its advertising would explain, which is what made it worth the price.", "sources": "src-loreal-cerave-2017" }, { "id": "remy-cointreau-acquires-westland-2017", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2017-01-06", "buyer": "remy-cointreau", "seller": "", "assets": "westland", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Remy Cointreau completed its purchase of Westland Distillery in Seattle on 6 January 2017, the day after closing on Domaine des Hautes Glaces in the French Alps. Two single malt distilleries in two days, on two continents, neither of them Scottish: the group was buying into the idea that single malt whisky is defined by method and terroir rather than by geography. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-remy-westland-2017; src-remy-history" }, { "id": "estee-lauder-acquires-too-faced-2016", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2016-11-15", "closed": "2016-12-28", "buyer": "estee-lauder", "seller": "", "assets": "too-faced", "value_amount": 1450000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Estee Lauder acquired Too Faced for $1.45 billion, then its largest purchase. Too Faced had been founded by two makeup artists in 1998 and built on playful packaging and product names, with its Better Than Sex mascara among the largest sellers in prestige cosmetics.", "sources": "src-el-toofaced-2016" }, { "id": "microsoft-acquires-linkedin-2016", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2016-06-13", "closed": "2016-12-08", "buyer": "microsoft", "seller": "", "assets": "linkedin", "value_amount": 26200000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Microsoft acquired LinkedIn for $196 per share in cash, valuing it at about $26.2 billion. It was the largest acquisition in Microsoft history until Activision Blizzard.", "sources": "src-msft-8k-2016-12-08" }, { "id": "unilever-acquires-living-proof-2016", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2016-12-01", "closed": "2016-12-01", "buyer": "unilever", "seller": "", "assets": "living-proof", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Unilever acquired Living Proof, a hair care company founded by MIT scientists and backed by Jennifer Aniston. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-unilever-prestige" }, { "id": "seb-acquires-wmf-2016", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2016-05-24", "closed": "2016-11-30", "buyer": "groupe-seb", "seller": "", "assets": "wmf", "value_amount": 1585000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Groupe SEB acquired WMF for about EUR 1.585 billion, its largest purchase. The attraction was the professional coffee machine business supplying cafes, hotels and offices rather than the consumer cookware the brand is better known for.", "sources": "src-seb-wmf-2016" }, { "id": "conagra-spins-off-lamb-weston-2016", "type": "spin_off", "status": "closed", "announced": "2015-11-18", "closed": "2016-11-09", "buyer": "lamb-weston", "seller": "conagra", "assets": "lamb-weston-brand; grown-in-idaho", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": null, "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "Conagra separated its frozen potato business as Lamb Weston, distributing shares to Conagra shareholders. The two businesses had little in common: one supplied restaurants with commodity potato products, the other sold branded food in supermarkets, and each was valued differently by investors.", "sources": "src-lamb-weston-10k-2025" }, { "id": "nyt-acquires-wirecutter-2016", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2016-10-24", "buyer": "new-york-times-co", "seller": "", "assets": "wirecutter", "value_amount": 25000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "The New York Times Company bought the product review sites The Wirecutter and The Sweethome for $25.0 million, its first move into affiliate commerce as a revenue line. The two sites were later folded into a single Wirecutter brand, which the company began selling as a standalone subscription in 2021. The $25.0 million covered both sites; only Wirecutter survives as a brand.", "sources": "src-nyt-10k-2016" }, { "id": "asahi-acquires-sabmiller-europe-2016", "type": "divestiture", "status": "closed", "announced": "2016-02-10", "closed": "2016-10-11", "buyer": "asahi-group", "seller": "ab-inbev", "assets": "peroni; grolsch; meantime", "value_amount": 2550000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "AB InBev sold Peroni, Grolsch and Meantime to Asahi as part of the divestitures required to obtain competition clearance for its acquisition of SABMiller. It was the Japanese brewer's first substantial European business.", "sources": "src-asahi-ar-2025" }, { "id": "molson-coors-acquires-millercoors-2016", "type": "divestiture", "status": "closed", "announced": "2015-11-11", "closed": "2016-10-11", "buyer": "molson-coors", "seller": "ab-inbev", "assets": "miller-lite", "value_amount": 12000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Molson Coors bought SABMiller's 58% of the MillerCoors joint venture and the worldwide Miller brand portfolio, a divestiture required to let AB InBev complete its takeover of SABMiller.", "sources": "src-molson-coors-10k-2025" }, { "id": "abinbev-acquires-sabmiller-2016", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2015-11-11", "closed": "2016-10-10", "buyer": "ab-inbev", "seller": "sabmiller", "assets": "castle-lager; aguila", "value_amount": 79000000000, "value_currency": "GBP", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "AB InBev acquired SABMiller in one of the largest takeovers ever recorded, creating a brewer with roughly a quarter of the beer sold worldwide. Regulators in the United States, Europe, China and South Africa required extensive divestitures, including SABMiller's stake in MillerCoors and its European Peroni, Grolsch and Meantime brands.", "sources": "src-abinbev-20f-2025" }, { "id": "coty-acquires-pg-beauty-2016", "type": "divestiture", "status": "closed", "announced": "2015-07-09", "closed": "2016-10-01", "buyer": "coty", "seller": "procter-and-gamble", "assets": "covergirl; max-factor; clairol; wella-professionals", "value_amount": 12500000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Procter & Gamble transferred 41 beauty brands, including CoverGirl, Max Factor, Clairol and Wella, to Coty in a Reverse Morris Trust structured to be tax-efficient for P&G shareholders. It was the largest single step in P&G's programme of cutting its portfolio from about 170 brands to 65.", "sources": "src-coty-10k-2025" }, { "id": "marriott-acquires-starwood-2016", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2015-11-16", "closed": "2016-09-23", "buyer": "marriott", "seller": "", "assets": "sheraton; westin; w-hotels; st-regis", "value_amount": 13000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Marriott acquired Starwood Hotels & Resorts for about $13 billion, creating the largest hotel company in the world with around thirty brands. A rival Chinese-led bid pushed the price up during the process before being withdrawn.", "sources": "src-marriott-8k-2016-09-23" }, { "id": "comcast-acquires-dreamworks-2016", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2016-04-28", "closed": "2016-08-22", "buyer": "comcast", "seller": "", "assets": "dreamworks-animation", "value_amount": 3800000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Comcast acquired DreamWorks Animation for about $3.8 billion, adding Shrek, Kung Fu Panda and How to Train Your Dragon to Universal. The studio had struggled as a standalone public company because a single failed film could ruin a year.", "sources": "src-comcast-8k-2016-08-22" }, { "id": "campari-acquires-grand-marnier-2016", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2016-03-15", "closed": "2016-06-30", "buyer": "campari-group", "seller": "", "assets": "grand-marnier", "value_amount": 684000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Campari acquired Grand Marnier for about EUR 684 million after a long courtship of the founding family's shareholders. Using cognac rather than neutral spirit as the base is what separates Grand Marnier from triple sec, and it made Campari a serious owner in liqueurs.", "sources": "src-campari-grandmarnier-2016" }, { "id": "tencent-acquires-supercell-2016", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2016-06-21", "closed": "2016-06-21", "buyer": "tencent", "seller": "", "assets": "supercell; clash-of-clans", "value_amount": 8600000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "A consortium led by Tencent acquired a controlling stake in Supercell from SoftBank in a deal valuing the Helsinki studio at about $8.6 billion. Supercell makes Clash of Clans and Brawl Stars with unusually small teams and cancels games publicly when they do not meet its standards.", "sources": "src-tencent-ar" }, { "id": "newell-acquires-jarden-2016", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2015-12-14", "closed": "2016-04-15", "buyer": "newell-brands", "seller": "", "assets": "yankee-candle; coleman; crock-pot; contigo", "value_amount": 15400000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Newell Rubbermaid acquired Jarden for about $15.4 billion and renamed itself Newell Brands, roughly doubling in size overnight. Jarden had itself been assembled from dozens of acquisitions, and the combined company spent the following years selling many of them again after the debt proved heavier than the integration was worth.", "sources": "src-newell-jarden-2016" }, { "id": "helen-of-troy-acquires-hydro-flask-2016", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2016-03-18", "closed": "2016-03-18", "buyer": "helen-of-troy", "seller": "", "assets": "hydro-flask", "value_amount": 210000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Helen of Troy acquired Hydro Flask for about $210 million. The insulated bottle became a cultural marker among American teenagers within a few years of the purchase, which the buyer could not have planned for.", "sources": "src-hot-hydroflask-2016" }, { "id": "berkshire-acquires-duracell-2016", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2014-11-13", "closed": "2016-02-29", "buyer": "berkshire-hathaway", "seller": "procter-and-gamble", "assets": "duracell", "value_amount": 4700000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Berkshire Hathaway acquired Duracell from Procter & Gamble in a share exchange worth about $4.7 billion, handing back its P&G stock rather than paying cash. Structuring it as an exchange avoided a large capital gains charge on shares Berkshire had held since the Gillette merger.", "sources": "src-brk-duracell-2016" }, { "id": "tencent-acquires-riot-games-2015", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2015-12-16", "closed": "2015-12-16", "buyer": "tencent", "seller": "", "assets": "riot-games; league-of-legends", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Tencent took full ownership of Riot Games, having bought a majority in 2011. It means League of Legends, among the most played PC games in the world for over a decade, and the Los Angeles studio that makes it have been Chinese-owned since. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-tencent-ar" }, { "id": "expedia-acquires-homeaway-2015", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2015-11-04", "closed": "2015-12-15", "buyer": "expedia-group", "seller": "", "assets": "vrbo", "value_amount": 3900000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Expedia acquired HomeAway, owner of the Vrbo vacation rental marketplace, for about $3.9 billion in cash and stock. The purchase gave Expedia a whole-property rental business as Airbnb grew.", "sources": "src-expedia-8k-2015-12-15" }, { "id": "nomad-acquires-findus-2015", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2015-08-07", "closed": "2015-11-01", "buyer": "nomad-foods", "seller": "", "assets": "findus", "value_amount": 500000000, "value_currency": "GBP", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Nomad Foods acquired the Findus Group's continental European business for about £500 million, four months after buying Iglo. The two purchases together created the largest frozen food company in Europe.", "sources": "src-nomad-findus-2015" }, { "id": "unilever-acquires-kate-somerville-2015", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2015-11-01", "closed": "2015-11-01", "buyer": "unilever", "seller": "", "assets": "kate-somerville", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Unilever acquired Kate Somerville, a Los Angeles clinic-founded skincare brand, continuing a run of prestige beauty purchases made within months of each other. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-unilever-prestige" }, { "id": "match-acquires-plenty-of-fish-2015", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2015-07-14", "closed": "2015-10-28", "buyer": "match-group", "seller": "", "assets": "plenty-of-fish", "value_amount": 575000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Match Group acquired Plenty of Fish for $575 million in cash. The site had been built and run almost single-handedly by one Vancouver developer, who kept it free and sold advertising while the company that bought it charged subscriptions.", "sources": "src-match-pof-2015" }, { "id": "expedia-acquires-orbitz-2015", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2015-02-12", "closed": "2015-09-17", "buyer": "expedia-group", "seller": "", "assets": "orbitz; ebookers; cheaptickets", "value_amount": 1600000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Expedia acquired Orbitz Worldwide for $12 per share in cash, about $1.6 billion including debt. The United States Department of Justice closed its review without challenge, concluding the merged firm would still face competition from Priceline and from hotels selling direct.", "sources": "src-expedia-8k-2015-09-17" }, { "id": "ferrero-acquires-thorntons-2015", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2015-06-22", "closed": "2015-08-21", "buyer": "ferrero", "seller": "", "assets": "thorntons", "value_amount": 112000000, "value_currency": "GBP", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Ferrero acquired Thorntons for about GBP 112 million, taking a British chocolatier founded in Sheffield in 1911 whose shops had been closing for years as supermarkets took the trade. Ferrero closed the remaining stores and kept the brand on supermarket shelves.", "sources": "src-ferrero-thorntons-2015" }, { "id": "iag-acquires-aer-lingus-2015", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2015-01-27", "closed": "2015-08-18", "buyer": "iag", "seller": "", "assets": "aer-lingus", "value_amount": 1360000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "IAG acquired Aer Lingus for about €1.36 billion, after the Irish government agreed to sell its stake against commitments on Heathrow slots and connectivity. Ryanair, which held a large minority, had been ordered by British regulators to reduce it years earlier.", "sources": "src-iag-aerlingus-2015" }, { "id": "unilever-acquires-dermalogica-2015", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2015-08-01", "closed": "2015-08-01", "buyer": "unilever", "seller": "", "assets": "dermalogica", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Unilever acquired Dermalogica, a professional skincare brand sold largely through therapists and salons rather than shops. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-unilever-prestige" }, { "id": "hormel-acquires-applegate-2015", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2015-05-26", "closed": "2015-07-13", "buyer": "hormel", "seller": "", "assets": "applegate", "value_amount": 775000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Hormel acquired Applegate Farms for about $775 million. Applegate sells meat raised without antibiotics and free from artificial ingredients, claims it had built a business on well before they were common, and it continues to source from independent farms rather than from its parent's supply chain.", "sources": "src-hormel-applegate-2015" }, { "id": "unilever-acquires-murad-2015", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2015-07-01", "closed": "2015-07-01", "buyer": "unilever", "seller": "", "assets": "murad", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Unilever acquired Murad, a dermatologist-founded skincare brand, as one of the first purchases for what became its Prestige division. The price was not disclosed, which is true of almost every brand Unilever bought for that division.", "sources": "src-unilever-prestige" }, { "id": "nomad-acquires-iglo-2015", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2015-04-20", "closed": "2015-06-30", "buyer": "nomad-foods", "seller": "", "assets": "birds-eye-uk; iglo", "value_amount": 2600000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Nomad Foods bought Iglo Group, owner of Birds Eye in Britain and iglo across continental Europe, for about €2.6 billion. It was the first acquisition by a vehicle set up specifically to consolidate European frozen food.", "sources": "src-nomad-iglo-2015" }, { "id": "monster-acquires-ko-energy-2015", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2014-08-14", "closed": "2015-06-12", "buyer": "monster-beverage", "seller": "coca-cola-company", "assets": "nos-energy; full-throttle", "value_amount": 1500000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Coca-Cola transferred its worldwide energy drink business, including NOS and Full Throttle, to Monster, and Monster handed its non-energy drinks the other way. Coca-Cola also took about 16.7% of Monster and two board seats. Monster recorded the shares issued for the energy portfolio at $1.5 billion. The effect was to divide the category between them: Coca-Cola stopped competing in energy drinks and became Monster's largest shareholder instead.", "sources": "src-mnst-10k-2015" }, { "id": "jbs-acquires-primo-2015", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2014-11-24", "closed": "2015-03-31", "buyer": "jbs", "seller": "", "assets": "primo-smallgoods", "value_amount": 1450000000, "value_currency": "AUD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "JBS acquired Primo Smallgoods for about AUD 1.45 billion, its largest Australian purchase. Primo is the largest bacon and smallgoods brand in Australia and New Zealand, and the deal gave JBS a branded consumer business rather than only slaughter and processing capacity.", "sources": "src-jbs-primo-2015" }, { "id": "otb-acquires-marni-2015", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2015-01-01", "buyer": "otb-group", "seller": "", "assets": "marni", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "OTB took full control of Marni in 2015, two years after first investing in the Milanese house. The group has never disclosed the terms of either step. Only the year of the full acquisition is recorded here; OTB held a stake it has not quantified between 2013 and 2015.", "sources": "src-otb-history" }, { "id": "burger-king-merges-tim-hortons-2014", "type": "merger", "status": "closed", "announced": "2014-08-26", "closed": "2014-12-12", "buyer": "restaurant-brands-intl", "seller": "tim-hortons-inc", "assets": "tim-hortons", "value_amount": 12500000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Burger King, controlled by 3G Capital, merged with Tim Hortons to create Restaurant Brands International, headquartered in Canada. The move drew criticism in the United States as a tax inversion, and Berkshire Hathaway provided $3 billion of preferred equity financing.", "sources": "src-rbi-10k-2025" }, { "id": "whirlpool-acquires-indesit-2014", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2014-07-10", "closed": "2014-10-31", "buyer": "whirlpool", "seller": "", "assets": "indesit; hotpoint-europe", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Whirlpool acquired a controlling stake in Indesit, taking Hotpoint in Europe with it and becoming the largest appliance manufacturer on the continent. The Hotpoint name belongs to a different company in North America, a legacy of the original business being split between British and American owners.", "sources": "src-whirlpool-indesit-2014" }, { "id": "facebook-acquires-whatsapp-2014", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2014-02-19", "closed": "2014-10-06", "buyer": "meta-platforms", "seller": "", "assets": "whatsapp", "value_amount": 19000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Facebook acquired WhatsApp for approximately $19 billion in cash and stock, the largest sum ever paid for a venture-backed company at the time. The European Commission cleared the deal in October 2014.", "sources": "src-fb-10k-2014" }, { "id": "general-mills-acquires-annies-2014", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2014-09-08", "closed": "2014-10-01", "buyer": "general-mills", "seller": "", "assets": "annies", "value_amount": 820000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "General Mills acquired Annie's for about $820 million, buying an organic food company whose rabbit logo and pasta shapes had been built in deliberate opposition to the packaged food industry that bought it.", "sources": "src-gis-annies-2014" }, { "id": "lindt-acquires-russell-stover-2014", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2014-09-08", "buyer": "lindt", "seller": "", "assets": "russell-stover; whitmans", "value_amount": 1499600000, "value_currency": "CHF", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Lindt & Sprungli bought Russell Stover Candies as an asset deal for CHF 1,499.6 million in cash, of which CHF 716.1 million was goodwill. The company calls it the biggest and most important strategic acquisition in its history: it brought Whitman's and Pangburn's with it and made the Swiss chocolatier the third largest chocolate manufacturer in North America.", "sources": "src-lindt-ar-2014-note32; src-lindt-history" }, { "id": "tyson-acquires-hillshire-2014", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2014-07-01", "closed": "2014-08-28", "buyer": "tyson-foods", "seller": "hillshire-brands", "assets": "hillshire-farm; ball-park; state-fair; aidells; wright-brand", "value_amount": 8550000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Tyson Foods won a bidding contest with Pilgrim's Pride for Hillshire Brands, paying $63 per share in cash. The auction began after Hillshire had itself agreed to buy Pinnacle Foods, an agreement it terminated to accept the Tyson offer.", "sources": "src-tyson-10k-2025" }, { "id": "amazon-acquires-twitch-2014", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2014-08-25", "closed": "2014-08-25", "buyer": "amazon", "seller": "", "assets": "twitch", "value_amount": 970000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Amazon acquired Twitch for about $970 million in cash, outbidding Google. Live game streaming was then a niche few large companies took seriously, and Twitch remains the centre of that economy a decade later.", "sources": "src-amazon-twitch-2014" }, { "id": "mars-acquires-iams-eukanuba-2014", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2014-04-09", "closed": "2014-08-01", "buyer": "mars", "seller": "", "assets": "iams; eukanuba", "value_amount": 2900000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Mars acquired the IAMS and Eukanuba pet food brands from Procter & Gamble for about $2.9 billion, covering North America and several other markets. Spectrum Brands bought the European rights separately, so the brands have different owners by territory.", "sources": "src-mars-iams-2014" }, { "id": "priceline-acquires-opentable-2014", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2014-06-13", "closed": "2014-07-24", "buyer": "booking-holdings", "seller": "", "assets": "opentable", "value_amount": 2600000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Priceline acquired OpenTable for $103 per share, about $2.6 billion, moving into restaurant reservations. It was an unusual purchase for a travel group, and the company later wrote down a substantial part of its value.", "sources": "src-bkng-opentable-2014" }, { "id": "suntory-acquires-beam-2014", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2014-01-13", "closed": "2014-04-30", "buyer": "suntory", "seller": "beam-inc", "assets": "jim-beam; makers-mark", "value_amount": 16000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Suntory bought Beam Inc. for $83.50 a share in cash, creating Beam Suntory and making the Japanese family-controlled group one of the largest spirits companies in the world.", "sources": "src-suntory-brands" }, { "id": "google-acquires-nest-2014", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2014-01-13", "closed": "2014-02-12", "buyer": "alphabet", "seller": "", "assets": "google-nest", "value_amount": 3200000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Google acquired Nest Labs for $3.2 billion in cash, buying a thermostat company founded by two former Apple engineers. The price startled the industry and marked Google's entry into hardware inside the home.", "sources": "src-google-nest-2014" }, { "id": "suntory-acquires-lucozade-ribena-2013", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2013-09-09", "closed": "2013-12-31", "buyer": "suntory", "seller": "gsk", "assets": "lucozade; ribena", "value_amount": 1352000000, "value_currency": "GBP", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "GlaxoSmithKline sold the Lucozade and Ribena business, including the Coleford manufacturing site in Gloucestershire and related inventory, to Suntory Beverage & Food for 1,352 million pounds in cash. GSK booked a profit on disposal of 1,057 million pounds and said the brands would grow better under an owner with drinks distribution in emerging markets. Suntory put them into a new company, Lucozade Ribena Suntory, which began trading in 2014.", "sources": "src-gsk-6k-lucozade-2013; src-gsk-ar-2013-disposals" }, { "id": "ebay-acquires-braintree-2013", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2013-12-19", "buyer": "ebay-inc", "seller": "", "assets": "braintree; venmo", "value_amount": 713000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "eBay bought Braintree for its PayPal business for about $713 million, mostly in cash, to accelerate PayPal in mobile payments. Venmo came with it: Braintree had bought the peer-to-peer payments app the year before, and eBay's annual report describes Venmo as a Braintree subsidiary. Both moved to PayPal when it separated from eBay in 2015, which is why a purchase made by eBay explains who owns Venmo today.", "sources": "src-ebay-10k-2013" }, { "id": "lvmh-acquires-loro-piana-2013", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2013-07-08", "closed": "2013-12-05", "buyer": "lvmh", "seller": "", "assets": "loro-piana", "value_amount": 2000000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "LVMH acquired eighty per cent of Loro Piana for about €2 billion, with the founding family retaining the rest. The attraction was control of the supply of the finest cashmere and vicuña wool, which no amount of marketing can substitute for.", "sources": "src-lvmh-loro-piana-2013" }, { "id": "buzzi-acquires-dyckerhoff-2001-2013", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2013-08-27", "buyer": "buzzi", "seller": "", "assets": "dyckerhoff", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Buzzi Unicem's ownership of Dyckerhoff was built up over twelve years, not bought in one transaction, so this record covers only the final step that made it wholly owned. Buzzi Unicem first partnered with the Dyckerhoff family in 2001, buying 34% of the ordinary share capital, then raised its stake through further purchases across 2002-2005 to about 91% of ordinary shares, and again in November 2012 to 96.6% of total share capital (98.1% of ordinary stock and 95.2% of preferred stock) for roughly EUR71.7 million. Once past the 95% threshold, German law let Buzzi Unicem squeeze out the remaining minority shareholders: Dyckerhoff AG's shareholders approved the squeeze-out on 12 July 2013 at cash compensation of EUR47.16 per ordinary or preferred share (about EUR65.3 million in total), and the transfer was registered with the Wiesbaden commercial register on 27 August 2013, at which point Buzzi Unicem held 100% of Dyckerhoff's share capital and the shares were delisted. No transaction records a single price for the whole company; the amounts above cover only the discrete purchases disclosed for 2012-2013.", "sources": "src-buzzi-history-dyckerhoff; src-dyckerhoff-eqs-stake-2012; src-dyckerhoff-squeeze-registered-2013" }, { "id": "kering-acquires-pomellato-2013", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2013-04-24", "closed": "2013-07-01", "buyer": "kering", "seller": "", "assets": "pomellato", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Kering acquired a majority of the Milanese jeweller Pomellato, which had applied ready-to-wear thinking to fine jewellery by making pieces in series rather than one at a time. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-kering-pomellato" }, { "id": "google-acquires-waze-2013", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2013-06-11", "closed": "2013-06-11", "buyer": "alphabet", "seller": "", "assets": "waze", "value_amount": 1100000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Google acquired the Israeli navigation app Waze for about $1.1 billion, keeping it as a separate product rather than folding it into Google Maps. Both apps still run side by side more than a decade later.", "sources": "src-google-waze-2013" }, { "id": "constellation-acquires-modelo-us-2013", "type": "divestiture", "status": "closed", "announced": "2013-02-14", "closed": "2013-06-07", "buyer": "constellation-brands", "seller": "ab-inbev; grupo-modelo", "assets": "corona-us; modelo-especial; pacifico", "value_amount": 4750000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "doj-modelo-2013", "summary": "To settle the Department of Justice lawsuit blocking AB InBev's acquisition of Grupo Modelo, AB InBev sold Constellation Brands the perpetual rights to Corona, Modelo Especial and Pacífico in the United States, together with the Piedras Negras brewery. This is why Corona has a different owner in the United States than everywhere else.", "sources": "src-doj-modelo-2013" }, { "id": "gucci-acquires-ginori-2013", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2013-05-27", "closed": "2013-05-27", "buyer": "kering", "seller": "", "assets": "ginori-1735", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Gucci bought the Florentine porcelain house Richard Ginori out of insolvency, keeping a manufacturer that had operated since 1735 from being broken up. It is the only tableware business in a group otherwise built on fashion and jewellery.", "sources": "src-kering-ginori" }, { "id": "priceline-acquires-kayak-2013", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2012-11-08", "closed": "2013-05-21", "buyer": "booking-holdings", "seller": "", "assets": "kayak", "value_amount": 1800000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Priceline acquired KAYAK for about $1.8 billion. A metasearch site that ranks travel agencies against each other thereby became owned by one of the largest of them, which is the arrangement most of its users would be surprised by.", "sources": "src-bkng-kayak-2013" }, { "id": "coca-cola-acquires-innocent-2013", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2013-02-22", "closed": "2013-02-22", "buyer": "coca-cola-company", "seller": "", "assets": "innocent-drinks", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "GBP", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Coca-Cola raised its stake in Innocent Drinks to over ninety per cent, having first invested in 2009. The founders had built the brand on an explicitly independent identity, and the sale to a multinational was contentious among its customers.", "sources": "src-ko-innocent-2013" }, { "id": "ziff-davis-acquires-ign-2013", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2013-02-04", "closed": "2013-02-04", "buyer": "ziff-davis", "seller": "", "assets": "ign", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Ziff Davis, then owned by j2 Global, acquired IGN from News Corp. IGN had been assembled from a network of console-specific sites in the 1990s, and its review scores carry enough weight to be quoted in publishers marketing. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-zd-ign-2013" }, { "id": "hormel-acquires-skippy-2013", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2013-01-03", "closed": "2013-01-31", "buyer": "hormel", "seller": "unilever", "assets": "skippy", "value_amount": 700000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Hormel acquired Skippy from Unilever for about $700 million, buying the second largest peanut butter brand in the United States. Unilever had held it since taking over Bestfoods in 2000 and was narrowing its food portfolio; Hormel was broadening beyond tinned meat.", "sources": "src-hormel-skippy-2013" }, { "id": "sega-sammy-acquires-index-2013", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2013-01-01", "buyer": "sega-sammy", "seller": "index-corporation", "assets": "persona-atlus", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "JPY", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Index Corporation transferred its businesses to Sega Sammy in November 2013, bringing with them the studio behind Persona and Shin Megami Tensei. In April 2014 Sega split the acquired operations, re-establishing the home video game software business under the ATLUS name and leaving the contents and solutions business as Index. Sega Sammy dates the transfer to November 2013 without giving a day.", "sources": "src-segasammy-ar-2014; src-segasammy-history" }, { "id": "helen-of-troy-acquires-pur-2012", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2012-12-31", "closed": "2012-12-31", "buyer": "helen-of-troy", "seller": "", "assets": "pur-water", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Helen of Troy acquired the PUR water filtration business from Procter & Gamble. PUR is the main American rival to Brita, and faucet-mounted filters are a largely American format that has never taken hold in markets where tap water is filtered through jugs or not at all. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-hot-pur-2012" }, { "id": "campari-acquires-lascelles-2012", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2012-09-05", "closed": "2012-12-21", "buyer": "campari-group", "seller": "", "assets": "appleton-estate", "value_amount": 415000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Campari acquired Lascelles deMercado for about $415 million, taking Appleton Estate and with it one of the oldest continuously operating rum distilleries in the Caribbean, producing in Jamaica's Nassau Valley since 1749.", "sources": "src-campari-lascelles-2012" }, { "id": "disney-acquires-lucasfilm-2012", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2012-10-30", "closed": "2012-12-21", "buyer": "disney", "seller": "", "assets": "lucasfilm", "value_amount": 4050000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Disney acquired Lucasfilm from George Lucas for about $4.05 billion in cash and stock, taking ownership of Star Wars and Indiana Jones. Lucas has said he directed much of the proceeds to educational philanthropy.", "sources": "src-disney-lucasfilm-2012" }, { "id": "kering-acquires-qeelin-2012", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2012-12-01", "closed": "2012-12-01", "buyer": "kering", "seller": "", "assets": "qeelin", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Kering acquired Qeelin, a Hong Kong fine jewellery house drawing on Chinese symbolism. It was the group's first purchase of a Chinese luxury brand, made as Chinese demand was reshaping the industry. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-kering-qeelin" }, { "id": "church-dwight-acquires-avid-health-2012", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2012-09-13", "closed": "2012-10-01", "buyer": "church-and-dwight", "seller": "", "assets": "vitafusion", "value_amount": 650000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Church & Dwight acquired Avid Health, owner of the vitafusion and L'il Critters gummy vitamin brands, for about $650 million. Gummy vitamins were then growing far faster than tablets, and the purchase gave the company a position in supplements it had not had.", "sources": "src-cd-avid-2012" }, { "id": "facebook-acquires-instagram-2012", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2012-04-09", "closed": "2012-09-06", "buyer": "meta-platforms", "seller": "", "assets": "instagram", "value_amount": 1000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "oft-facebook-instagram-2012", "summary": "Facebook acquired Instagram, then a thirteen-person company with no revenue, for about $1 billion in cash and stock. The final consideration fell as Facebook shares declined between announcement and closing.", "sources": "src-fb-10k-2012" }, { "id": "remy-cointreau-acquires-bruichladdich-2012", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2012-09-03", "buyer": "remy-cointreau", "seller": "", "assets": "bruichladdich; the-botanist", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "GBP", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Remy Cointreau bought the Bruichladdich distillery on Islay, its first move into single malt Scotch and the start of a run of whisky acquisitions that continued with Domaine des Hautes Glaces and Westland in 2017. The Botanist gin came with it: the distillery makes it on the same site, in a repurposed Lomond still. Remy Cointreau has not published the price.", "sources": "src-remy-history" }, { "id": "vw-acquires-porsche-2012", "type": "merger", "status": "closed", "announced": "2011-09-07", "closed": "2012-08-01", "buyer": "volkswagen-group", "seller": "", "assets": "porsche", "value_amount": 4460000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Volkswagen completed the takeover of Porsche's car business for €4.46 billion, ending an unusual sequence in which Porsche had first tried to take over the far larger Volkswagen, accumulated enormous debt attempting it, and failed.", "sources": "src-vw-porsche-2012" }, { "id": "audi-acquires-ducati-2012", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2012-04-18", "closed": "2012-07-19", "buyer": "volkswagen-group", "seller": "", "assets": "ducati", "value_amount": 860000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Audi, itself part of Volkswagen Group, acquired Ducati for about EUR 860 million including debt. Ducati had started making radio components in 1926 and turned to motorcycles after its factory was bombed in the war, and its desmodromic valve system remains unique in production motorcycles.", "sources": "src-vw-history" }, { "id": "kering-acquires-brioni-2012", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2011-11-14", "closed": "2012-01-01", "buyer": "kering", "seller": "", "assets": "brioni", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "PPR, which became Kering, acquired the Roman tailoring house Brioni. It was the group's move into high-end menswear, a category its luxury rivals had largely left alone. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-kering-brioni" }, { "id": "lvmh-acquires-bulgari-2011", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2011-03-07", "closed": "2011-09-30", "buyer": "lvmh", "seller": "", "assets": "bulgari", "value_amount": 4300000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "LVMH acquired Bulgari for about €4.3 billion, paying largely in shares so that the founding family became a substantial LVMH shareholder rather than simply selling out. It remains one of the largest jewellery acquisitions ever made.", "sources": "src-lvmh-bulgari-2011" }, { "id": "vf-acquires-timberland-2011", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2011-06-13", "closed": "2011-09-13", "buyer": "vf-corporation", "seller": "", "assets": "timberland", "value_amount": 2300000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "VF Corporation acquired Timberland for about $2.3 billion, adding its yellow boot to an outdoor portfolio that already held The North Face and Vans. Timberland had published an environmental and labour footprint on its boxes since 2006, unusually for footwear at the time.", "sources": "src-vf-timberland-2011" }, { "id": "lactalis-acquires-parmalat-2011", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2011-04-26", "closed": "2011-07-01", "buyer": "lactalis", "seller": "", "assets": "parmalat", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Lactalis took control of Parmalat through a public tender offer at EUR 2.60 per share, gaining the Italian dairy group that had collapsed in 2003 in what was then the largest corporate fraud in European history. The Italian government objected to a national champion passing into French hands and briefly changed takeover rules in response.", "sources": "src-lactalis-history" }, { "id": "colgate-acquires-sanex-2011", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2010-09-27", "closed": "2011-06-01", "buyer": "colgate-palmolive", "seller": "unilever", "assets": "sanex", "value_amount": 672000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Colgate-Palmolive bought Sanex from Unilever for about EUR 672 million. Unilever was selling because competition authorities required it to divest Sanex before it could complete its purchase of Sara Lee's personal care business, so one company's remedy became another's acquisition.", "sources": "src-colgate-sanex-2011" }, { "id": "match-acquires-meetic-2011", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2011-04-19", "closed": "2011-06-01", "buyer": "match-group", "seller": "", "assets": "meetic", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Match took control of Meetic, the largest dating service in continental Europe, through a public tender offer for the French company. It gave the group the European position its American brands had never built, and Meetic still trades under its own name across France, Spain and Italy.", "sources": "src-match-meetic-2011" }, { "id": "unilever-acquires-alberto-culver-2011", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2010-09-27", "closed": "2011-05-10", "buyer": "unilever", "seller": "alberto-culver", "assets": "tresemme; vo5; simple-skincare; st-ives; nexxus", "value_amount": 3700000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Unilever bought Alberto Culver for $37.50 a share in cash, adding TRESemmé, VO5, Simple, St. Ives and Nexxus to its hair and skin portfolio. Regulators required Unilever to divest the Alberto VO5 and Rave brands in the United States.", "sources": "src-unilever-20f-2025" }, { "id": "iac-acquires-okcupid-2011", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2011-02-02", "closed": "2011-02-02", "buyer": "match-group", "seller": "", "assets": "okcupid", "value_amount": 50000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "IAC acquired OkCupid for about $50 million and placed it alongside Match.com. OkCupid had built its audience on a long compatibility questionnaire and on a blog that analysed its own users' data, and it was free when Match.com charged a subscription.", "sources": "src-match-okcupid-2011" }, { "id": "comcast-acquires-nbcuniversal-2011", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2009-12-03", "closed": "2011-01-28", "buyer": "comcast", "seller": "", "assets": "nbc; universal-pictures; telemundo; universal-parks", "value_amount": 13750000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Comcast took majority control of NBCUniversal from General Electric in a transaction valuing the business at about $30 billion, contributing cable channels and $13.75 billion in cash. It turned the largest American cable distributor into a studio owner, and regulators imposed conditions on how it treated rival programmers.", "sources": "src-comcast-8k-2011-01-28" }, { "id": "iag-formed-2011", "type": "merger", "status": "closed", "announced": "2010-04-08", "closed": "2011-01-21", "buyer": "iag", "seller": "", "assets": "british-airways; iberia", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "British Airways and Iberia merged to form International Consolidated Airlines Group, registered in Spain and headquartered in London. Both airlines kept their names, brands and operating certificates, so passengers saw no change beyond the ownership.", "sources": "src-iag-2011" }, { "id": "puig-acquires-jean-paul-gaultier-2011", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2011-01-01", "closed": "2011-01-01", "buyer": "puig", "seller": "", "assets": "jean-paul-gaultier-fragrance", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Puig took a majority of Jean Paul Gaultier, having produced the house's fragrances under licence since 1993. Its Le Male scent, in a bottle shaped like a sailor's torso, has been among the best-selling men's fragrances in Europe for three decades. Only the year is documented here.", "sources": "src-puig-history" }, { "id": "utz-acquires-zapps-2011", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2011-01-01", "closed": "2011-01-01", "buyer": "utz-brands", "seller": "", "assets": "zapps", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Utz acquired Zapp's, a Louisiana kettle crisp maker founded in 1985 by a former oil driller, known for Cajun flavours including Voodoo and Spicy Cajun Crawtator. The price was not disclosed and only the year is documented here.", "sources": "src-utz-zapps-2011" }, { "id": "priceline-acquires-rentalcars-2010", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2010-05-26", "closed": "2010-05-26", "buyer": "booking-holdings", "seller": "", "assets": "rentalcars-com", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "GBP", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Priceline acquired TravelJigsaw, the Manchester company trading as Rentalcars.com, adding car hire to a group built on flights and accommodation. The consideration was not disclosed at the time.", "sources": "src-bkng-rentalcars-2010" }, { "id": "heineken-acquires-femsa-beer-2010", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2010-01-11", "closed": "2010-04-30", "buyer": "heineken", "seller": "", "assets": "sol; dos-equis", "value_amount": 7600000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Heineken acquired the beer operations of Mexico's FEMSA for about $7.6 billion in shares, taking Sol and Dos Equis. It gave Heineken a major position in Mexico and the United States Hispanic market without paying cash.", "sources": "src-heineken-femsa-2010" }, { "id": "richemont-acquires-net-a-porter-2010", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2010-03-01", "closed": "2010-04-01", "buyer": "richemont", "seller": "", "assets": "net-a-porter", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Richemont took control of Net-a-Porter, founded by a fashion journalist who believed people would buy luxury clothing online when almost every brand doubted it. Richemont later wrote down its value substantially and agreed to sell a majority to a rival. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-richemont-history" }, { "id": "stanley-merges-black-decker-2010", "type": "merger", "status": "closed", "announced": "2009-11-02", "closed": "2010-03-12", "buyer": "stanley-black-decker", "seller": "black-decker-corp", "assets": "black-decker-brand; dewalt", "value_amount": 4500000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Stanley Works and The Black & Decker Corporation merged in an all-stock transaction to form Stanley Black & Decker, combining the largest hand tool business in the United States with one of the largest power tool businesses.", "sources": "src-swk-10k-2025" }, { "id": "kraft-acquires-cadbury-2010", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2009-09-07", "closed": "2010-02-02", "buyer": "kraft-foods", "seller": "cadbury-plc", "assets": "cadbury", "value_amount": 11500000000, "value_currency": "GBP", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Kraft Foods won a hostile takeover of Cadbury after a five-month battle, closing at 840 pence per share in cash and shares. Kraft closed the Somerdale factory it had promised to keep open, which led to criticism in Parliament and changes to the UK takeover code. Cadbury passed to Mondelēz in the 2012 split.", "sources": "src-mondelez-10k-2025" }, { "id": "disney-acquires-marvel-2009", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2009-08-31", "closed": "2009-12-31", "buyer": "disney", "seller": "", "assets": "marvel", "value_amount": 4000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Disney acquired Marvel Entertainment for about $4 billion. Marvel had emerged from bankruptcy a decade earlier having licensed away film rights to several of its best-known characters, which is why Spider-Man remains entangled with Sony.", "sources": "src-disney-marvel-2009" }, { "id": "jbs-acquires-pilgrims-2009", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2009-09-16", "closed": "2009-12-28", "buyer": "jbs", "seller": "", "assets": "pilgrims", "value_amount": 2800000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "JBS acquired a controlling stake in Pilgrim's Pride out of bankruptcy for about $2.8 billion, making the Brazilian group one of the largest poultry producers in the United States as well as the largest beef processor.", "sources": "src-jbs-pilgrims-2009" }, { "id": "suntory-acquires-orangina-2009", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2009-11-12", "buyer": "suntory", "seller": "", "assets": "orangina", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Suntory took full ownership of the Orangina Schweppes group from its private equity owners, Lion Capital and Blackstone, giving the Japanese group a soft drinks platform across continental Europe. The price was never confirmed by the parties. Suntory Beverage & Food records the purchase in its own corporate history alongside the Frucor acquisition made the same year.", "sources": "src-sbf-history" }, { "id": "amazon-acquires-zappos-2009", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2009-07-22", "closed": "2009-11-01", "buyer": "amazon", "seller": "", "assets": "zappos", "value_amount": 1200000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Amazon acquired Zappos for about $1.2 billion in stock. Zappos kept its own management, culture and headquarters, an unusual degree of independence that Amazon maintained for years afterwards.", "sources": "src-amazon-zappos-2009" }, { "id": "campari-acquires-wild-turkey-2009", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2009-04-08", "closed": "2009-05-29", "buyer": "campari-group", "seller": "", "assets": "wild-turkey", "value_amount": 575000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Campari acquired Wild Turkey from Pernod Ricard for about $575 million, giving the Italian group a Kentucky bourbon distillery. Pernod was selling assets it had taken on with Absolut the year before.", "sources": "src-campari-wildturkey-2009" }, { "id": "inbev-acquires-anheuser-busch-2008", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2008-07-14", "closed": "2008-11-18", "buyer": "ab-inbev", "seller": "anheuser-busch-companies", "assets": "budweiser; bud-light; michelob-ultra", "value_amount": 52000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "oft-inbev-anheuser-busch-2008", "summary": "Belgian-Brazilian brewer InBev acquired Anheuser-Busch for $70 a share in cash after an initially hostile approach, creating Anheuser-Busch InBev and moving control of Budweiser out of the United States.", "sources": "src-abinbev-20f-2025" }, { "id": "smucker-acquires-folgers-2008", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2008-06-04", "closed": "2008-11-06", "buyer": "jm-smucker", "seller": "", "assets": "folgers", "value_amount": 3300000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Smucker acquired Folgers from Procter & Gamble for about $3.3 billion in a Reverse Morris Trust, a structure that let P&G divest the business to shareholders without a large tax charge. It made Smucker the largest packaged coffee company in the United States.", "sources": "src-smucker-folgers-2008" }, { "id": "mars-acquires-wrigley-2008", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2008-04-28", "closed": "2008-10-06", "buyer": "mars", "seller": "wrigley-company", "assets": "extra-gum; orbit-gum; skittles; starburst", "value_amount": 23000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Mars acquired the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company for $80 a share in cash, financed in part by Berkshire Hathaway and Goldman Sachs. The deal created Mars Wrigley and made Mars the largest confectionery company in the world.", "sources": "src-mars-brands" }, { "id": "sony-buys-out-bmg-2008", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2008-08-05", "closed": "2008-10-01", "buyer": "sony-group", "seller": "", "assets": "rca-records", "value_amount": 1200000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Sony bought out Bertelsmann's half of Sony BMG for about $1.2 billion, ending a joint venture formed in 2004 and taking full ownership of RCA Records among others. Bertelsmann kept the music publishing catalogue, which it rebuilt into BMG.", "sources": "src-sony-bmg-2008" }, { "id": "pernod-acquires-vin-sprit-2008", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2008-03-31", "closed": "2008-07-23", "buyer": "pernod-ricard", "seller": "", "assets": "absolut", "value_amount": 5626000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Pernod Ricard bought V&S Group, the Swedish state-owned owner of Absolut, for €5.626 billion in a privatisation auction. Absolut immediately became one of the group's largest brands and remains among the best-selling vodkas in the world.", "sources": "src-pernod-vs-2008" }, { "id": "tata-acquires-jlr-2008", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2008-03-26", "closed": "2008-06-02", "buyer": "tata-motors", "seller": "ford", "assets": "jaguar; land-rover; range-rover", "value_amount": 2300000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Tata Motors acquired Jaguar and Land Rover from Ford for about $2.3 billion in cash. Ford had paid roughly $2.5 billion for Jaguar in 1989 and $2.7 billion for Land Rover in 2000, so it sold both together for less than it had paid for either.", "sources": "src-ford-8k-2008-06-02" }, { "id": "lvmh-acquires-hublot-2008", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2008-04-01", "closed": "2008-05-19", "buyer": "lvmh", "seller": "", "assets": "hublot", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "LVMH acquired Hublot, the first house to pair a gold case with a rubber strap, which was considered close to vandalism when it did so in 1980. Its name is French for porthole. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-lvmh-history" }, { "id": "heineken-carlsberg-acquire-scottish-newcastle-2008", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2008-01-25", "closed": "2008-04-28", "buyer": "heineken; carlsberg", "seller": "", "assets": "strongbow; kronenbourg", "value_amount": 7800000000, "value_currency": "GBP", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Heineken and Carlsberg bid jointly for Scottish & Newcastle at about GBP 7.8 billion and split it between them rather than one buying the whole company. Heineken took the British and Irish business including Strongbow, Carlsberg took the French and Russian operations including Kronenbourg. A joint bid to divide a target is unusual, and it is why two competing brewers date their ownership of these brands to the same day.", "sources": "src-heineken-carlsberg-sn-2008" }, { "id": "amazon-acquires-audible-2008", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2008-01-31", "closed": "2008-03-01", "buyer": "amazon", "seller": "", "assets": "audible", "value_amount": 300000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Amazon acquired Audible for about $300 million, pairing spoken-word audio with the Kindle it had launched a few months earlier. Audible had sold the first portable digital audio player in 1997, four years before the iPod.", "sources": "src-amazon-audible-2008" }, { "id": "next-acquires-lipsy-2008", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2008-01-01", "buyer": "next-plc", "seller": "", "assets": "lipsy", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "GBP", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "NEXT acquired Lipsy, a younger women's fashion brand, in 2008. It was the first brand NEXT bought outright rather than built, and it later became the template for the Total Platform arrangements through which NEXT now runs other companies' retail operations. Only the year is recorded here.", "sources": "src-next-history" }, { "id": "sc-johnson-acquires-caldrea-2008", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2008-01-01", "buyer": "sc-johnson", "seller": "", "assets": "mrs-meyers", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "SC Johnson acquired The Caldrea Company, which brought the Mrs. Meyer's Clean Day and Caldrea brands into a portfolio otherwise built on mass-market household names. SC Johnson is privately held and does not disclose the terms of its transactions. Only the year is recorded here.", "sources": "src-scj-acquisitions" }, { "id": "newscorp-acquires-dow-jones-2007", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2007-05-01", "closed": "2007-12-13", "buyer": "news-corp", "seller": "", "assets": "dow-jones; wall-street-journal", "value_amount": 5600000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "News Corporation acquired Dow Jones for about $5.6 billion, taking The Wall Street Journal after a contested approach to the Bancroft family that had controlled it for a century. The deal included commitments intended to protect the paper's editorial independence.", "sources": "src-newscorp-dj-2007" }, { "id": "priceline-acquires-agoda-2007", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2007-11-06", "closed": "2007-11-06", "buyer": "booking-holdings", "seller": "", "assets": "agoda", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Priceline acquired Agoda, a Singapore-based accommodation booking service, giving the group an Asian business that has always operated separately from Booking.com. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-bkng-agoda-2007" }, { "id": "danone-acquires-numico-2007", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2007-07-09", "closed": "2007-10-01", "buyer": "danone", "seller": "", "assets": "aptamil; nutricia", "value_amount": 12300000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Danone acquired the Dutch nutrition group Numico for about €12.3 billion, buying Aptamil and Nutricia. It moved the company decisively into infant and medical nutrition, which are now among its most profitable divisions.", "sources": "src-danone-numico-2007" }, { "id": "jbs-acquires-swift-2007", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2007-05-29", "closed": "2007-07-11", "buyer": "jbs", "seller": "", "assets": "swift-meat", "value_amount": 1400000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "JBS acquired Swift & Company for about $1.4 billion, its entry into the United States. Swift was one of the great Chicago meatpacking houses, founded in 1855 and central to the industrialisation of American meat described in Upton Sinclair's The Jungle.", "sources": "src-jbs-swift-2007" }, { "id": "coca-cola-acquires-glaceau-2007", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2007-05-25", "closed": "2007-06-07", "buyer": "coca-cola-company", "seller": "", "assets": "smartwater; vitaminwater", "value_amount": 4100000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Coca-Cola acquired Energy Brands, known as Glacéau, for $4.1 billion in cash, buying vitaminwater and smartwater. It was the company's largest acquisition to that point and a bet that growth would come from outside carbonated drinks.", "sources": "src-ko-glaceau-2007" }, { "id": "mars-acquires-nutro-2007", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2007-05-21", "closed": "2007-05-21", "buyer": "mars", "seller": "", "assets": "nutro", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Mars acquired Nutro Products, a Californian natural pet food maker founded in 1926 and sold through specialty retailers rather than supermarkets. It sits above Pedigree and below the veterinary lines in the company's pet food hierarchy. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-mars-history" }, { "id": "richemont-acquires-alaia-2007", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2007-01-01", "closed": "2007-01-01", "buyer": "richemont", "seller": "", "assets": "alaia", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Richemont acquired the house of Azzedine Alaia, who cut and fitted garments on the body himself and showed collections whenever he judged them finished rather than to the fashion calendar. Only the year is documented here.", "sources": "src-richemont-history" }, { "id": "google-acquires-youtube-2006", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2006-10-09", "closed": "2006-11-13", "buyer": "alphabet", "seller": "", "assets": "youtube", "value_amount": 1650000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Google acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in stock, twenty months after the video site was founded and while it still had no meaningful revenue. The price was widely criticised as reckless at the time.", "sources": "src-google-8k-2006-11-13" }, { "id": "church-dwight-acquires-orange-glo-2006", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2006-07-13", "closed": "2006-08-01", "buyer": "church-and-dwight", "seller": "", "assets": "oxiclean", "value_amount": 325000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Church & Dwight acquired Orange Glo International, owner of OxiClean, for about $325 million. OxiClean had been built almost entirely through televised direct-response advertising, a channel most large consumer goods companies had ignored.", "sources": "src-cd-orangeglo-2006" }, { "id": "disney-acquires-pixar-2006", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2006-01-24", "closed": "2006-05-05", "buyer": "disney", "seller": "", "assets": "pixar", "value_amount": 7400000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Disney acquired Pixar for about $7.4 billion in stock, making Steve Jobs its largest individual shareholder. Pixar's leadership was then put in charge of Disney's own animation studio, which had been in decline for a decade.", "sources": "src-disney-pixar-2006" }, { "id": "colgate-acquires-toms-of-maine-2006", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2006-03-21", "closed": "2006-05-01", "buyer": "colgate-palmolive", "seller": "", "assets": "tom-of-maine", "value_amount": 100000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Colgate-Palmolive bought 84 per cent of Tom's of Maine for about $100 million, leaving the founders with the rest. Tom's had been built on natural ingredients and a refusal to test on animals, and the sale to a mass-market giant was contentious among the customers it had attracted on exactly those grounds.", "sources": "src-colgate-toms-2006" }, { "id": "lactalis-acquires-galbani-2006", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2006-04-01", "closed": "2006-04-01", "buyer": "lactalis", "seller": "", "assets": "galbani", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Lactalis acquired Galbani from the private equity firm BC Partners, buying the largest cheese brand in Italy and with it a position in mozzarella and mascarpone that its French portfolio lacked. The price was not disclosed by the parties.", "sources": "src-lactalis-history" }, { "id": "whirlpool-acquires-maytag-2006", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2005-08-22", "closed": "2006-03-31", "buyer": "whirlpool", "seller": "", "assets": "maytag", "value_amount": 1700000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Whirlpool acquired Maytag for about $1.7 billion including debt, after a contested process in which a private equity group and the Chinese manufacturer Haier had both bid. The Department of Justice reviewed the combination of two of the largest American appliance makers and closed its investigation without challenge.", "sources": "src-whirlpool-maytag-2006" }, { "id": "mars-acquires-greenies-2006", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2006-01-01", "closed": "2006-01-01", "buyer": "mars", "seller": "", "assets": "greenies", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Mars acquired S&M NuTec, maker of Greenies dental chews, which are shaped like toothbrushes and were developed after a dog owner grew tired of his pet's breath. They are accepted by the Veterinary Oral Health Council for reducing plaque, unusual for a product sold as a treat. Only the year is documented here.", "sources": "src-mars-history" }, { "id": "sega-acquires-sports-interactive-2006", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2006-01-01", "buyer": "sega-sammy", "seller": "", "assets": "football-manager", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "GBP", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Sega made Sports Interactive a wholly owned subsidiary in 2006. The London studio had split from its previous publisher two years earlier, losing the Championship Manager name in the process and rebuilding the same game as Football Manager. Sega bought the studio and the new name together. Sega Sammy records the year but not the day, and has never published a price.", "sources": "src-segasammy-history" }, { "id": "pepsico-acquires-stacys-2005", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2005-11-01", "closed": "2005-11-01", "buyer": "pepsico", "seller": "", "assets": "stacys", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Frito-Lay acquired Stacy's Pita Chips, started by a couple who had turned leftover pita from their sandwich cart into a snack. Baking rather than frying gave it a health positioning the rest of the snack aisle could not match. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-pepsi-stacys-2005" }, { "id": "amer-acquires-salomon-2005", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2005-05-02", "closed": "2005-10-01", "buyer": "amer-sports", "seller": "", "assets": "salomon; arcteryx; atomic-ski", "value_amount": 485000000, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Amer Sports acquired the Salomon group from adidas for about EUR 485 million, taking Salomon, Arc'teryx and Atomic in one transaction. adidas had bought Salomon in 1997 and concluded that winter sports equipment did not fit alongside football boots.", "sources": "src-amer-salomon-2005" }, { "id": "pg-acquires-gillette-2005", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2005-01-28", "closed": "2005-10-01", "buyer": "procter-and-gamble", "seller": "gillette-company", "assets": "gillette; oral-b; braun; venus", "value_amount": 57000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Procter & Gamble acquired The Gillette Company in an all-stock deal, adding razors, Oral-B and Braun and making it the largest consumer goods company in the world at the time. Regulators required divestitures in electric toothbrushes and deodorants.", "sources": "src-pg-10k-2025" }, { "id": "priceline-acquires-booking-com-2005", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2005-07-21", "closed": "2005-09-01", "buyer": "booking-holdings", "seller": "", "assets": "booking-com", "value_amount": 133000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Priceline acquired Bookings B.V., the Dutch operator of Booking.com, for about $133 million. The business grew so far beyond its American parent that the group renamed itself Booking Holdings in 2018, so the acquired company ended up naming the acquirer.", "sources": "src-bkng-booking-2005" }, { "id": "pernod-acquires-allied-domecq-2005", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2005-04-21", "closed": "2005-07-26", "buyer": "pernod-ricard", "seller": "", "assets": "malibu; beefeater; mumm; kahlua", "value_amount": 7400000000, "value_currency": "GBP", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Pernod Ricard acquired Allied Domecq for about £7.4 billion, bidding jointly with Fortune Brands, which took several of the brands to satisfy competition authorities. The purchase made Pernod Ricard the second largest spirits group in the world behind Diageo.", "sources": "src-pernod-allied-2005" }, { "id": "sega-acquires-creative-assembly-2005", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2005-01-01", "buyer": "sega-sammy", "seller": "", "assets": "total-war", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "GBP", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Sega made The Creative Assembly a wholly owned subsidiary in 2005, acquiring the Sussex studio that had created Total War. The series had been published by Activision and then Sega before the studio itself was bought. Sega Sammy records the year but not the day, and has never published a price.", "sources": "src-segasammy-history" }, { "id": "seb-acquires-all-clad-2004", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2004-06-15", "closed": "2004-07-01", "buyer": "groupe-seb", "seller": "", "assets": "all-clad", "value_amount": 250000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Groupe SEB acquired All-Clad for about $250 million, buying the bonded stainless steel cookware that is standard in American professional kitchens. All-Clad still manufactures in Pennsylvania using a metal-rolling process its founder developed for industrial applications.", "sources": "src-seb-allclad-2004" }, { "id": "helen-of-troy-acquires-oxo-2004", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2004-06-01", "closed": "2004-06-01", "buyer": "helen-of-troy", "seller": "", "assets": "oxo-good-grips", "value_amount": 273000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Helen of Troy acquired OXO from World Kitchen for about $273 million. OXO had been founded on universal design: its Good Grips peeler was made for a cook with arthritis and turned out to be better for everyone, which is the principle the whole range follows.", "sources": "src-hot-oxo-2004" }, { "id": "vf-acquires-vans-2004", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2004-05-07", "closed": "2004-06-01", "buyer": "vf-corporation", "seller": "", "assets": "vans", "value_amount": 396000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "VF Corporation acquired Vans for about $396 million. Vans had been made in Anaheim since 1966 and adopted by skateboarders without any marketing from the company, whose waffle sole gripped a board better than anything else available.", "sources": "src-vf-vans-2004" }, { "id": "colgate-acquires-gaba-2004", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2004-03-01", "closed": "2004-05-01", "buyer": "colgate-palmolive", "seller": "", "assets": "meridol; elmex", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "CHF", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Colgate-Palmolive acquired GABA Holding, a Swiss oral care company selling elmex and meridol through European pharmacies. The purchase gave Colgate a pharmacy channel and a specialist reputation in Europe that its mass-market toothpaste could not reach on its own. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-colgate-gaba-2004" }, { "id": "loreal-acquires-shu-uemura-2004", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2004-01-01", "closed": "2004-01-01", "buyer": "loreal", "seller": "", "assets": "shu-uemura", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "JPY", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "L'Oreal acquired shu uemura, founded by a Japanese makeup artist who created the first cleansing oil in 1967 after seeing how heavy studio makeup damaged actors' skin. Cleansing oil is now the first step of the double cleanse standard across Japanese and Korean routines. Only the year is documented here.", "sources": "src-loreal-urd" }, { "id": "smucker-acquires-jif-crisco-2002", "type": "merger", "status": "closed", "announced": "2001-10-10", "closed": "2002-06-18", "buyer": "jm-smucker", "seller": "", "assets": "jif", "value_amount": 840000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Smucker acquired Jif and Crisco from Procter & Gamble in a spin-off and merger valued at about $840 million. A company known for jam became the largest peanut butter seller in America, so the two halves of a sandwich came under one owner.", "sources": "src-smucker-jif-2002" }, { "id": "berkshire-acquires-fruit-of-the-loom-2002", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2001-11-01", "closed": "2002-04-30", "buyer": "berkshire-hathaway", "seller": "", "assets": "fruit-of-the-loom", "value_amount": 835000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Berkshire Hathaway acquired Fruit of the Loom out of bankruptcy for about $835 million in cash. The underwear maker had collapsed under debt, and Berkshire bought the operating business rather than the holding company that had failed.", "sources": "src-brk-fotl-2002" }, { "id": "mars-acquires-royal-canin-2002", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2002-01-01", "closed": "2002-01-01", "buyer": "mars", "seller": "", "assets": "royal-canin", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Mars acquired Royal Canin, a French pet food company founded by a veterinary surgeon in 1968 who began making feed for dogs with skin conditions. It sells by breed and by clinical condition rather than by flavour, and is sold largely through vets and pet specialists. Only the year is documented here.", "sources": "src-mars-history" }, { "id": "otb-acquires-maison-margiela-2002", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2002-01-01", "buyer": "otb-group", "seller": "", "assets": "maison-margiela", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Renzo Rosso became the majority shareholder of Maison Margiela in 2002, the same year he founded OTB as a holding company for Diesel and the acquisitions he intended to make. The group took full control of the brand in 2006. OTB is privately held and has never published what it paid. Only the year is recorded here.", "sources": "src-otb-history" }, { "id": "votorantim-acquires-engemix-2002", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2002-01-01", "buyer": "votorantim-cimentos", "seller": "", "assets": "engemix", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": null, "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "Votorantim Cimentos bought Engemix in 2002, entering the ready-mix concrete business in Brazil; Engemix became, and remains, the group's concrete business unit there. Votorantim's own anniversary histories state only the year of the acquisition, with no month, day, seller name or price given, so those fields are left unrecorded here rather than estimated.", "sources": "src-votorantim-90anos; src-votorantim-engemix-50anos" }, { "id": "general-mills-acquires-pillsbury-2001", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2000-07-17", "closed": "2001-10-31", "buyer": "general-mills", "seller": "diageo", "assets": "pillsbury; old-el-paso; haagen-dazs", "value_amount": 10500000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "General Mills bought Pillsbury from Diageo, roughly doubling its size. The Federal Trade Commission required the divestiture of Pillsbury's dessert and specialty products business to International Multifoods before clearing the deal.", "sources": "src-general-mills-10k-2025" }, { "id": "seb-acquires-moulinex-2001", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2001-09-20", "closed": "2001-10-01", "buyer": "groupe-seb", "seller": "", "assets": "moulinex", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Groupe SEB bought Moulinex out of liquidation after the company collapsed, taking a brand that had become a byword for kitchen appliances in France. Competition authorities cleared the purchase only with conditions on the group's share of the French market.", "sources": "src-seb-moulinex-2001" }, { "id": "church-dwight-acquires-carter-wallace-2001", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2001-05-07", "closed": "2001-09-28", "buyer": "church-and-dwight", "seller": "", "assets": "trojan; first-response", "value_amount": 739000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Church & Dwight acquired the consumer products business of Carter-Wallace for about $739 million in a joint transaction, taking Trojan condoms and First Response pregnancy tests. It transformed a company known mainly for baking soda into a broad household and personal care group.", "sources": "src-cd-carter-wallace-2001" }, { "id": "pepsico-acquires-quaker-oats-2001", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2000-12-04", "closed": "2001-08-02", "buyer": "pepsico", "seller": "quaker-oats-company", "assets": "gatorade; quaker-oats-brand; quaker-chewy", "value_amount": 13400000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "PepsiCo acquired The Quaker Oats Company in an all-stock merger, primarily to obtain Gatorade, which gave it the leading position in sports drinks. The Federal Trade Commission cleared the deal after a split vote, with a consent order restricting distribution arrangements.", "sources": "src-pepsico-10k-2025" }, { "id": "unilever-acquires-bestfoods-2000", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2000-06-06", "closed": "2000-10-04", "buyer": "unilever", "seller": "bestfoods", "assets": "hellmanns; knorr; maizena", "value_amount": 24300000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "ec-m1990", "summary": "Unilever acquired Bestfoods, the American food group behind Knorr and Hellmann's, in what was then the largest cash acquisition in the food industry. The European Commission cleared the deal in Phase I subject to divestiture commitments.", "sources": "src-ec-m1990; src-unilever-20f-2025" }, { "id": "unilever-acquires-ben-and-jerrys-2000", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2000-04-12", "closed": "2000-08-03", "buyer": "unilever", "seller": "ben-and-jerrys-homemade", "assets": "ben-and-jerrys", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Unilever's subsidiary Conopco acquired Ben & Jerry's Homemade in a two-step transaction: a cash tender offer at $43.60 per share through Vermont All Natural Expansion Company, followed by a back-end merger. The merger agreement created an independent board with a continuing social mission mandate.", "sources": "src-bj-8k-2000-05-22; src-bj-defm14a-2000-07-06; src-bj-15-12g-2000-08-03" }, { "id": "richemont-acquires-lange-2000", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2000-07-01", "closed": "2000-07-01", "buyer": "richemont", "seller": "", "assets": "a-lange-sohne", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Richemont acquired A. Lange & Sohne, expropriated by East Germany in 1948 and refounded in 1990 by the founder's great-grandson after reunification. It is the only German house counted at the top of watchmaking. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-richemont-history" }, { "id": "vf-acquires-north-face-2000", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2000-04-10", "closed": "2000-05-01", "buyer": "vf-corporation", "seller": "", "assets": "the-north-face", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "VF Corporation acquired The North Face, which had been founded as a San Francisco climbing shop in 1966 and was in financial difficulty. It became one of the largest outdoor brands in the world under VF ownership.", "sources": "src-vf-tnf-2000" }, { "id": "unilever-acquires-amora-maille-2000", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2000-01-25", "closed": "2000-03-08", "buyer": "unilever", "seller": "", "assets": "colmans", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": null, "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "ec-m1802", "summary": "Unilever acquired the French condiments group Amora-Maille, adding mustard and sauce brands in France. The European Commission cleared the transaction subject to commitments.", "sources": "src-ec-m1802" }, { "id": "loreal-acquires-matrix-2000", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "2000-01-01", "closed": "2000-01-01", "buyer": "loreal", "seller": "", "assets": "matrix", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "L'Oreal acquired Matrix, founded in 1980 by two hairdressers and selling colour and care products through salons at prices below Redken and Kerastase. Salon brands are sold to stylists rather than to the public, so their pricing and distribution work differently from retail hair care. Only the year is documented here.", "sources": "src-loreal-urd" }, { "id": "titan-acquires-tarmac-america-2000", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "2000-01-01", "buyer": "titan-cement", "seller": "", "assets": "roanoke-cement; titan-florida", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": null, "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "This single 2000 transaction is the origin of TITAN's US business. TITAN had held a 59-60% controlling stake in Roanoke Cement, Virginia since 1992, bought from Tarmac PLC; in 2000 it acquired Tarmac America Inc. outright, which brought in the remaining roughly 41% of Roanoke Cement together with the Pennsuco plant near Miami, Florida (the origin of today's Titan Florida brand) plus associated quarries, ready-mix concrete and block operations and distribution terminals. Tarmac America was then renamed Titan America and fully folded into the group - the same corporate line that, after a 2025 NYSE IPO, is now the 87%-TITAN-owned Titan America SA. Because Roanoke Cement and the Pennsuco/Titan Florida assets both came from this one purchase of Tarmac America, they are recorded as a single deal rather than two; TITAN's own SEC filings and history page give the year but neither a specific date nor a price, so those are left unrecorded rather than estimated (a $636 million figure reported at the time comes only from contemporary news coverage, not from TITAN or Tarmac PLC directly, and is not used here).", "sources": "src-titan-f1-2025; src-titan-materials-history" }, { "id": "lvmh-acquires-zenith-1999", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1999-11-01", "closed": "1999-11-01", "buyer": "lvmh", "seller": "", "assets": "zenith-watches", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "LVMH acquired Zenith, whose El Primero automatic chronograph from 1969 survived only because a watchmaker hid the tooling in an attic when the owners ordered it destroyed during the quartz crisis. The movement is still in production. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-lvmh-history" }, { "id": "lvmh-acquires-tag-heuer-1999", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1999-08-01", "closed": "1999-09-14", "buyer": "lvmh", "seller": "", "assets": "tag-heuer", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "LVMH acquired TAG Heuer, which had invented the first automatic chronograph movement in 1969 and timed Formula One races for decades. It was the largest of several watch purchases the group made that year and remains its biggest watch brand by volume. The price was not disclosed here.", "sources": "src-lvmh-history" }, { "id": "buzzi-acquires-alamo-cement-1979-1999", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "1999-01-01", "buyer": "buzzi", "seller": "", "assets": "alamo-cement", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": null, "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "Buzzi's hold on Alamo Cement in San Antonio, Texas was also built in stages rather than bought outright, so this record covers only the final step. The group entered Alamo Cement as a joint venture in 1979 - its first move outside Italy - and a new dry-process plant it built came on stream in 1981. In 1993 Buzzi increased its equity stake to a position of control, and, per the company's own history, at the end of 1999 it raised its ownership from 66.7% to 100%, making Alamo Cement wholly owned. Buzzi's history page gives only the year for that final step, with no specific date, seller counterparty or price, so those fields are left unrecorded rather than estimated.", "sources": "src-buzzi-history-alamo" }, { "id": "lvmh-acquires-krug-1999", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1999-01-01", "closed": "1999-01-01", "buyer": "lvmh", "seller": "", "assets": "krug", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "LVMH acquired Krug, a champagne house that makes only prestige cuvees with no entry-level bottling at all, fermenting every plot separately in small oak casks before blending. Only the year is documented here and the price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-lvmh-history" }, { "id": "vw-acquires-bentley-1998", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1998-06-28", "closed": "1998-07-28", "buyer": "volkswagen-group", "seller": "", "assets": "bentley", "value_amount": 430000000, "value_currency": "GBP", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Volkswagen bought Rolls-Royce Motors for about £430 million, acquiring the Crewe factory and the Bentley marque. BMW separately secured the Rolls-Royce name and badge from the aero-engine company, so the winner of the auction did not get the brand it had bid for.", "sources": "src-vw-bentley-1998" }, { "id": "audi-acquires-lamborghini-1998", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1998-06-12", "closed": "1998-07-27", "buyer": "volkswagen-group", "seller": "", "assets": "lamborghini", "value_amount": 110000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Audi, itself part of Volkswagen Group, acquired Lamborghini from a Malaysian investment group for a reported $110 million. Lamborghini had changed hands repeatedly since its founder sold out in the 1970s and had never been stable under any owner.", "sources": "src-vw-lamborghini-1998" }, { "id": "mattel-acquires-american-girl-1998", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1998-06-16", "closed": "1998-07-01", "buyer": "mattel", "seller": "", "assets": "american-girl", "value_amount": 700000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Mattel acquired Pleasant Company, maker of American Girl dolls, for about $700 million. Each doll comes with historical fiction set in a particular period, and the books address subjects including slavery and internment, which is unusual for a toy line.", "sources": "src-mattel-ag-1998" }, { "id": "berkshire-acquires-dairy-queen-1998", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1997-10-21", "closed": "1998-01-07", "buyer": "berkshire-hathaway", "seller": "", "assets": "dairy-queen", "value_amount": 585000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Berkshire Hathaway acquired International Dairy Queen for about $585 million. Almost every Dairy Queen is franchised, so Berkshire owns the brand and the system rather than the restaurants.", "sources": "src-brk-dq-1998" }, { "id": "lindt-acquires-ghirardelli-1998", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "1998-01-01", "buyer": "lindt", "seller": "", "assets": "ghirardelli", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "CHF", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Lindt & Sprungli acquired the Ghirardelli Chocolate Company of San Francisco in January 1998, its entry into North America and, by the company's own account, the beginning of its expansion into the largest chocolate market in the world. Ghirardelli had been making chocolate since 1852, which makes it older than the Swiss company that now owns it. Only the month is documented here.", "sources": "src-lindt-history" }, { "id": "puig-acquires-nina-ricci-1998", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1998-01-01", "closed": "1998-01-01", "buyer": "puig", "seller": "", "assets": "nina-ricci", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Puig acquired Nina Ricci, a Paris house founded in 1932 by an Italian-born couturier working in France. Its L'Air du Temps fragrance, launched in 1948 with a Lalique dove stopper, has been in production ever since. Only the year is documented here.", "sources": "src-puig-history" }, { "id": "sc-johnson-acquires-dowbrands-1998", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "1998-01-01", "buyer": "sc-johnson", "seller": "", "assets": "ziploc", "value_amount": 1200000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "S.C. Johnson & Son bought the DowBrands consumer products business from Dow Chemical in January 1998 for $1.2 billion, a sale on which Dow booked a pretax gain of $816 million. The business brought Ziploc, Saran, Scrubbing Bubbles and fantastik to SC Johnson in a single transaction. Only the year is recorded here.", "sources": "src-dow-10k-1998; src-scj-acquisitions" }, { "id": "pepsico-spins-off-tricon-1997", "type": "spin_off", "status": "closed", "announced": "1997-01-23", "closed": "1997-10-06", "buyer": "yum-brands", "seller": "pepsico", "assets": "kfc; pizza-hut; taco-bell", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": null, "value_basis": null, "regulatory": "", "summary": "PepsiCo spun off its restaurant business as Tricon Global Restaurants, taking KFC, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell out of the drinks and snacks company. PepsiCo had found that operating restaurants competed for capital with its packaged goods brands and complicated its relationships with other chains. Tricon renamed itself Yum! Brands in 2002.", "sources": "src-yum-10k-2025" }, { "id": "mattel-acquires-tyco-toys-1997", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1996-11-18", "closed": "1997-05-22", "buyer": "mattel", "seller": "", "assets": "matchbox", "value_amount": 755000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Mattel acquired Tyco Toys for about $755 million, taking Matchbox with it. That put Matchbox and Hot Wheels, rivals since 1968, under one owner; Mattel has kept both ranges in production rather than merging them.", "sources": "src-mattel-tyco-1997" }, { "id": "sherwin-williams-acquires-thompson-minwax-1997", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": null, "closed": "1997-01-07", "buyer": "sherwin-williams", "seller": "", "assets": "minwax; thompsons-water-seal", "value_amount": 830000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "enterprise_value", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Sherwin-Williams acquired all outstanding shares of Thompson Minwax Holding Corp through a wholly owned subsidiary, effective 7 January 1997. Buying the shares and paying off Thompson Minwax debt took about $830 million, financed largely with commercial paper that the company refinanced with bond issues later that year. The purchase brought the Minwax wood finishes and Thompson's WaterSeal lines into a company that had until then sold mostly paint.", "sources": "src-shw-10k-1997" }, { "id": "lvmh-acquires-marc-jacobs-1997", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1997-01-01", "closed": "1997-01-01", "buyer": "lvmh", "seller": "", "assets": "marc-jacobs-fashion", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "LVMH took a majority of the Marc Jacobs house and appointed its founder to design ready-to-wear for Louis Vuitton, a role he held for sixteen years. He had been dismissed from Perry Ellis five years earlier over a grunge collection now regarded as a landmark. Only the year is documented here.", "sources": "src-lvmh-history" }, { "id": "richemont-acquires-panerai-1997", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1997-01-01", "closed": "1997-01-01", "buyer": "richemont", "seller": "", "assets": "panerai", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Richemont acquired Panerai, which had supplied luminous diving instruments to the Italian navy and sold no watches to the public until 1993. Its oversized cushion cases became one of the defining watch shapes of the following decade. Only the year is documented here.", "sources": "src-richemont-history" }, { "id": "lvmh-acquires-celine-1996", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1996-07-01", "closed": "1996-07-01", "buyer": "lvmh", "seller": "", "assets": "celine", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "LVMH acquired Celine, which had begun in 1945 as a made-to-measure children's shoe shop in Paris before becoming a womenswear house. Successive creative directors have redefined it so completely that its identity is closely tied to whoever is designing. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-lvmh-history" }, { "id": "richemont-acquires-vacheron-1996", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1996-01-01", "closed": "1996-01-01", "buyer": "richemont", "seller": "", "assets": "vacheron-constantin", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Richemont acquired Vacheron Constantin, the oldest watch manufacturer in continuous operation, founded in 1755. It is one of the three houses traditionally counted as the summit of Swiss watchmaking. Only the year is documented here and the price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-richemont-history" }, { "id": "puig-acquires-carolina-herrera-1995", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1995-01-01", "closed": "1995-01-01", "buyer": "puig", "seller": "", "assets": "carolina-herrera", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Puig acquired the Carolina Herrera house, founded in New York in 1980 by a Venezuelan designer who had dressed Jacqueline Onassis. Puig had already been making its fragrances under licence, and buying the house outright is the pattern the Spanish family group has followed repeatedly. Only the year is documented here.", "sources": "src-puig-history" }, { "id": "mattel-acquires-fisher-price-1993", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1993-08-19", "closed": "1993-11-30", "buyer": "mattel", "seller": "", "assets": "fisher-price", "value_amount": 1100000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Mattel acquired Fisher-Price for about $1.1 billion in stock, adding infant and preschool toys to a company built on Barbie and Hot Wheels. Fisher-Price had published a set of design principles about intrinsic play value in its first year of trading, 1930.", "sources": "src-mattel-fp-1993" }, { "id": "coca-cola-acquires-parle-1993", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1993-01-01", "closed": "1993-01-01", "buyer": "coca-cola-company", "seller": "", "assets": "thums-up; limca; maaza", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Coca-Cola bought the Parle soft drink brands on returning to India, having left in 1977 rather than dilute its ownership under foreign investment rules. It acquired the market leader instead of competing with it, and Thums Up still outsells Coca-Cola's own cola in India.", "sources": "src-ko-parle-1993" }, { "id": "lvmh-acquires-berluti-1993", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1993-01-01", "closed": "1993-01-01", "buyer": "lvmh", "seller": "", "assets": "berluti", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "LVMH acquired Berluti, a Paris bespoke shoemaker founded in 1895 and known for a patination technique that colours leather by hand in layers. It became the group's principal menswear leather house alongside Louis Vuitton. Only the year is documented here.", "sources": "src-lvmh-history" }, { "id": "richemont-acquires-dunhill-1993", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1993-01-01", "closed": "1993-01-01", "buyer": "richemont", "seller": "", "assets": "dunhill", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Richemont took full ownership of Dunhill, which had begun in 1893 selling motoring accessories including a pipe that could be smoked in an open car, and had become a menswear and leather goods house. Only the year is documented here.", "sources": "src-richemont-history" }, { "id": "vw-acquires-skoda-1991", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1991-04-16", "closed": "1991-04-16", "buyer": "volkswagen-group", "seller": "", "assets": "skoda", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "DEM", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Volkswagen bought into Skoda after the fall of communism in Czechoslovakia, taking an initial stake and full ownership over the following years. Skoda had been a byword for poor quality in Western Europe; it now regularly outscores its parent in reliability surveys.", "sources": "src-vw-history" }, { "id": "sony-acquires-columbia-pictures-1989", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1989-09-27", "closed": "1989-11-08", "buyer": "sony-group", "seller": "", "assets": "sony-pictures; columbia-pictures", "value_amount": 3400000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Sony acquired Columbia Pictures Entertainment for about $3.4 billion in cash, roughly $4.9 billion including assumed debt. Japanese ownership of a Hollywood studio was politically contentious, and Sony wrote down billions on the business a few years later before it eventually became one of its most profitable divisions.", "sources": "src-sony-columbia-1989" }, { "id": "sony-acquires-cbs-records-1988", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1987-11-18", "closed": "1988-01-05", "buyer": "sony-group", "seller": "", "assets": "sony-music; columbia-records", "value_amount": 2000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Sony acquired CBS Records for about $2 billion, buying the oldest record label in the world along with it. It was the first of two purchases that turned a Japanese electronics manufacturer into a major American media owner, and it drew political alarm in the United States at the time.", "sources": "src-sony-cbs-1988" }, { "id": "lvmh-acquires-givenchy-1988", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1988-01-01", "closed": "1988-01-01", "buyer": "lvmh", "seller": "", "assets": "givenchy", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "LVMH acquired Givenchy, the Paris house whose founder had dressed Audrey Hepburn on and off screen for four decades, including the black dress in Breakfast at Tiffany's. Hubert de Givenchy stayed to design for a further seven years before retiring. Only the year is documented here and the price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-lvmh-history" }, { "id": "lvmh-acquires-ruinart-1988", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1988-01-01", "closed": "1988-01-01", "buyer": "lvmh", "seller": "", "assets": "ruinart", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "LVMH acquired Ruinart, the oldest established champagne house, founded in 1729 by the nephew of a monk who had recognised the commercial possibility of sparkling wine. Its chalk cellars in Reims are a UNESCO World Heritage site. Only the year is documented here.", "sources": "src-lvmh-history" }, { "id": "vw-acquires-seat-1986", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1986-06-18", "closed": "1986-06-18", "buyer": "volkswagen-group", "seller": "", "assets": "seat", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "ESP", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Volkswagen took majority control of SEAT from the Spanish state, which had founded the company in 1950 and had it building Fiats under licence for decades. SEAT remains the only major carmaker designing and building cars in Spain. The price was not disclosed.", "sources": "src-vw-history" }, { "id": "whirlpool-acquires-kitchenaid-1986", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1986-01-01", "closed": "1986-01-01", "buyer": "whirlpool", "seller": "", "assets": "kitchenaid", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Whirlpool acquired the KitchenAid appliance business from Dart & Kraft. KitchenAid's stand mixer had been in production since 1919, designed after an engineer watched a baker struggle with a hand mixer, and its attachments have stayed compatible across decades of models. Only the year is documented here.", "sources": "src-whirlpool-kitchenaid-1986" }, { "id": "nestle-acquires-carnation-1985", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1984-09-04", "closed": "1985-01-04", "buyer": "nestle", "seller": "", "assets": "carnation", "value_amount": 3000000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Nestlé acquired Carnation for about $3 billion, at the time the largest acquisition ever made outside the oil industry. It brought evaporated milk, Coffee mate and Friskies into the group and established Nestlé as a major American food company rather than a European one selling abroad.", "sources": "src-nestle-carnation-1985" }, { "id": "richemont-acquires-chloe-1985", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1985-01-01", "closed": "1985-01-01", "buyer": "richemont", "seller": "", "assets": "chloe", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "EUR", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "The group that became Richemont acquired Chloe, among the first houses to sell luxury ready-to-wear rather than couture, and where Karl Lagerfeld designed for two decades. Chloe became a certified B Corporation in 2021. Only the year is documented here.", "sources": "src-richemont-history" }, { "id": "news-corp-acquires-times-newspapers-1981", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1981-01-22", "closed": "1981-02-13", "buyer": "news-corp", "seller": "", "assets": "the-times", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "GBP", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "sos-trade-times-newspapers-1981; dcms-times-undertakings-2019", "summary": "News International, the British arm of Rupert Murdoch's group and now News UK, bought The Times and The Sunday Times from the Thomson Organisation after a year in which industrial disputes had suspended publication. Newspaper transfers needed the Secretary of State for Trade's consent under the Fair Trading Act 1973, and the consent came with binding conditions that still shape how the two titles are run.", "sources": "src-dcms-times-itc-2019" }, { "id": "berkshire-acquires-sees-1972", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1972-01-03", "closed": "1972-01-03", "buyer": "berkshire-hathaway", "seller": "", "assets": "sees-candies", "value_amount": 25000000, "value_currency": "USD", "value_basis": "equity", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Berkshire Hathaway bought See's Candies for $25 million. Warren Buffett has repeatedly described it as the purchase that taught him to pay up for a business with pricing power rather than hunt for statistically cheap ones, and it has returned many times its cost.", "sources": "src-brk-sees-1972" }, { "id": "vw-acquires-auto-union-1966", "type": "acquisition", "status": "closed", "announced": "1966-01-01", "closed": "1966-01-01", "buyer": "volkswagen-group", "seller": "", "assets": "audi", "value_amount": null, "value_currency": "DEM", "value_basis": "undisclosed", "regulatory": "", "summary": "Volkswagen acquired Auto Union from Daimler-Benz in stages through the mid-1960s, and revived the Audi name that had been dormant since before the war. The four rings represent the four companies that merged to form Auto Union in 1932. Only the year is documented here.", "sources": "src-vw-history" } ], "decisions": [ { "id": "cma-paramount-warner-2026", "regulator": "cma", "case_number": "Paramount / Warner Bros. Discovery merger inquiry", "decision": "cleared", "decided": "2026-08-06", "deal": "paramount-skydance-acquires-warner-bros-discovery-2026", "phase": "Phase 1", "remedies": "", "summary": "The Competition and Markets Authority opened its Phase 1 inquiry in June 2026 and cleared the anticipated acquisition on 6 August 2026 without referring it for an in-depth investigation.", "sources": "src-cma-paramount-warner-2026" }, { "id": "dcms-paramount-warner-2026", "regulator": "uk-secretary-of-state", "case_number": "Proposed acquisition of Warner Bros. Discovery by Paramount: decision of no intervention on public interest grounds", "decision": "cleared_with_remedies", "decided": "2026-08-06", "deal": "paramount-skydance-acquires-warner-bros-discovery-2026", "phase": null, "remedies": "behavioural; behavioural", "summary": "The Culture Secretary, who had said she was minded to intervene on media plurality grounds, decided not to issue a public interest intervention notice after Paramount gave legally binding undertakings on the editorial independence of its British news and children's channels.", "sources": "src-dcms-paramount-warner-2026" }, { "id": "ndcal-paramount-warner-stipulation-2026", "regulator": "us-district-court-nd-cal", "case_number": "Nos. 4:26-cv-07116-AMO and 4:26-cv-07212-AMO, Stipulation and Order Not to Close", "decision": "investigating", "decided": "2026-07-24", "deal": "paramount-skydance-acquires-warner-bros-discovery-2026", "phase": null, "remedies": "behavioural", "summary": "The states, the Writers Guild plaintiffs and the companies agreed, and the court ordered, that the merger will not close or integrate until the earlier of five days after a decision on the merits or 1 June 2027. The court has set a single trial of both cases for 2 to 19 March 2027.", "sources": "src-ndcal-paramount-warner-stipulation-2026" }, { "id": "ec-paramount-warner-2026", "regulator": "european-commission", "case_number": "Paramount / Warner Bros. Discovery (press release IP/26/1663)", "decision": "cleared_with_remedies", "decided": "2026-07-22", "deal": "paramount-skydance-acquires-warner-bros-discovery-2026", "phase": "Phase 1", "remedies": "divest_business; behavioural", "summary": "The European Commission cleared the acquisition in Phase 1 subject to commitments on theatrical film distribution, where Paramount distributes films jointly with Universal through United International Pictures in several EEA countries. It found that enough competitors remained in film production and in television and streaming.", "sources": "src-ec-ip-26-1663" }, { "id": "ndcal-paramount-warner-tro-2026", "regulator": "us-district-court-nd-cal", "case_number": "No. 4:26-cv-07116-AMO, Order Granting Motion for Temporary Restraining Order", "decision": "investigating", "decided": "2026-07-20", "deal": "paramount-skydance-acquires-warner-bros-discovery-2026", "phase": null, "remedies": "behavioural", "summary": "Judge Araceli Martínez-Olguín temporarily restrained Paramount and Warner Bros. Discovery from closing or integrating, finding serious questions on the merits in wide-release theatrical film distribution. A temporary restraining order is not a final prohibition, which is why this is not recorded as a block.", "sources": "src-ndcal-paramount-warner-tro-2026" }, { "id": "states-paramount-warner-complaint-2026", "regulator": "us-state-attorneys-general", "case_number": "The State of California et al. v. Paramount Skydance Corporation et al., No. 4:26-cv-07116-AMO (N.D. Cal.)", "decision": "investigating", "decided": "2026-07-13", "deal": "paramount-skydance-acquires-warner-bros-discovery-2026", "phase": null, "remedies": "", "summary": "California led twelve states in suing under section 7 of the Clayton Act to block the merger, alleging harm in wide-release film distribution and in the licensing of basic cable channels. The other plaintiffs are Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon and Washington.", "sources": "src-ca-ag-paramount-warner-suit-2026" }, { "id": "doj-paramount-warner-2026", "regulator": "doj-antitrust", "case_number": "Paramount Skydance / Warner Bros. Discovery (HSR investigation)", "decision": "cleared", "decided": "2026-06-12", "deal": "paramount-skydance-acquires-warner-bros-discovery-2026", "phase": null, "remedies": "", "summary": "The Antitrust Division issued a Second Request, the Hart-Scott-Rodino waiting period expired in February 2026 once Paramount certified compliance, and on 12 June 2026 the Division announced it had closed its investigation, concluding the merger was not likely to harm competition in streaming, linear television or theatrical film.", "sources": "src-doj-paramount-warner-close-2026" }, { "id": "fcc-skydance-paramount-2025", "regulator": "fcc", "case_number": "Applications for Consent to the Transfer of Control of Paramount Global, MB Docket No. 24-275 (FCC 25-43)", "decision": "cleared_with_remedies", "decided": "2025-07-24", "deal": "skydance-paramount-merger-2025", "phase": null, "remedies": "behavioural; behavioural; behavioural", "summary": "The FCC granted the transfer of control of Paramount Global, including its CBS owned-and-operated television stations, from the Redstone-controlled National Amusements to Skydance and the Ellison family, with Commissioner Gomez dissenting. The order found no material public interest harm and granted the applications on the strength of commitments from Skydance that it described as firm and definite, although they were not written into the licences as formal conditions.", "sources": "src-fcc-25-43-order" }, { "id": "cma-microsoft-activision-restructured-2023", "regulator": "cma", "case_number": "Microsoft / Activision Blizzard (ex-cloud streaming rights) merger inquiry", "decision": "cleared_with_remedies", "decided": "2023-10-06", "deal": "microsoft-acquires-activision-2023", "phase": "Phase 1", "remedies": "divest_business->ubisoft", "summary": "After the original transaction was prohibited, Microsoft restructured it to exclude the cloud streaming rights, selling them to Ubisoft. The Competition and Markets Authority reviewed the restructured deal as a separate inquiry and cleared it on 6 October 2023, allowing the acquisition to complete a week later.", "sources": "src-cma-msft-activision-restructured" }, { "id": "ftc-microsoft-activision-2023", "regulator": "ftc", "case_number": "FTC Matter 2210077", "decision": "investigating", "decided": "2023-07-11", "deal": "microsoft-acquires-activision-2023", "phase": null, "remedies": "", "summary": "The Federal Trade Commission challenged the acquisition in its own administrative court and separately sought a preliminary injunction in federal court to stop it closing. The injunction was denied in July 2023 and the deal completed, while the administrative proceeding remained on foot. It is a clear example of three regulators reaching three different answers on one transaction.", "sources": "src-ftc-msft-activision" }, { "id": "cma-amazon-irobot-2023", "regulator": "cma", "case_number": "Amazon / iRobot merger inquiry", "decision": "cleared", "decided": "2023-06-16", "deal": "amazon-acquires-irobot-2022", "phase": "Phase 1", "remedies": "", "summary": "The Competition and Markets Authority cleared Amazon's proposed acquisition of iRobot unconditionally in June 2023, finding it would not substantially lessen competition in robot vacuums. European regulators took a different view, and Amazon abandoned the transaction in January 2024 rather than contest it, leaving iRobot independent.", "sources": "src-cma-amazon-irobot" }, { "id": "cma-microsoft-activision-2023", "regulator": "cma", "case_number": "Microsoft / Activision Blizzard merger inquiry", "decision": "blocked", "decided": "2023-04-26", "deal": "microsoft-acquires-activision-2023", "phase": "Phase 2", "remedies": "", "summary": "The Competition and Markets Authority blocked Microsoft's acquisition of Activision Blizzard in April 2023, finding it would harm competition in cloud gaming. It was the only major regulator to prohibit the deal outright, and the decision was widely reported as putting the transaction in doubt worldwide. The case was closed in August 2023 once the parties restructured.", "sources": "src-cma-msft-activision" }, { "id": "cma-facebook-giphy-2022", "regulator": "cma", "case_number": "Facebook, Inc (now Meta Platforms, Inc) / Giphy, Inc", "decision": "cleared_with_remedies", "decided": "2022-10-18", "deal": "meta-acquires-giphy-2020", "phase": "Phase 2", "remedies": "divest_business:giphy", "summary": "The Competition and Markets Authority ordered Meta to sell Giphy, a transaction that had already completed, after finding the acquisition harmed competition in display advertising and in the supply of animated images. Meta appealed, lost on the substance, and sold Giphy to Shutterstock for a small fraction of what it had paid. Unwinding a completed acquisition is rare.", "sources": "src-cma-facebook-giphy" }, { "id": "dcms-times-undertakings-2019", "regulator": "uk-secretary-of-state", "case_number": "Variation of the 1981 conditions relating to The Times and The Sunday Times", "decision": "remedies_varied", "decided": "2019-07-23", "deal": "news-corp-acquires-times-newspapers-1981", "phase": null, "remedies": "behavioural:the-times", "summary": "News UK applied in January 2019 to replace the 1981 conditions, arguing that the requirement to keep each title's journalistic resources entirely separate no longer made sense in a shrinking newspaper market. After two rounds of consultation the Secretary of State accepted undertakings on 23 July 2019 allowing the two papers to share journalists where both editors agree, while keeping the separate editors and the independent national directors. It is one of the few places in this dataset where a remedy imposed on a 1981 acquisition was still being renegotiated four decades later.", "sources": "src-dcms-times-undertakings-2019" }, { "id": "cma-sainsburys-asda-2019", "regulator": "cma", "case_number": "J Sainsbury PLC / Asda Group Ltd merger inquiry", "decision": "blocked", "decided": "2019-04-25", "deal": "sainsburys-asda-merger-2019", "phase": "Phase 2", "remedies": "", "summary": "The Competition and Markets Authority blocked the merger of Sainsbury's and Asda in April 2019, finding it would raise prices and reduce quality across hundreds of local areas and at national level. The parties had offered to sell stores; the Authority concluded no realistic divestiture could resolve the harm, and prohibited the deal outright.", "sources": "src-cma-sainsburys-asda" }, { "id": "doj-bayer-monsanto-2018", "regulator": "doj-antitrust", "case_number": "US v. Bayer AG and Monsanto Company", "decision": "cleared_with_remedies", "decided": "2018-05-29", "deal": "bayer-acquires-monsanto-2018", "phase": null, "remedies": "divest_business->basf", "summary": "The Department of Justice allowed Bayer to acquire Monsanto only after requiring the divestiture of about $9 billion of businesses to BASF, which the Department described at the time as the largest merger divestiture it had ever obtained. Bayer subsequently faced very large liabilities from Monsanto's glyphosate litigation.", "sources": "src-doj-bayer-monsanto" }, { "id": "doj-modelo-2013", "regulator": "doj-antitrust", "case_number": "1:13-cv-00127 (D.D.C.)", "decision": "cleared_with_remedies", "decided": "2013-04-19", "deal": "constellation-acquires-modelo-us-2013", "phase": null, "remedies": "divest_brand:corona-us->constellation-brands; divest_brand:modelo-especial->constellation-brands; divest_brand:pacifico->constellation-brands; divest_business->constellation-brands", "summary": "The Department of Justice sued to block AB InBev's acquisition of the rest of Grupo Modelo, arguing it would raise beer prices in the United States. The parties settled with a proposed final judgment requiring AB InBev to sell Constellation Brands the perpetual United States rights to the Modelo brands and the Piedras Negras brewery, which is why Corona has a different owner in the United States.", "sources": "src-doj-modelo-2013" }, { "id": "oft-facebook-instagram-2012", "regulator": "cma", "case_number": "Facebook / Instagram Inc", "decision": "cleared", "decided": "2012-08-14", "deal": "facebook-acquires-instagram-2012", "phase": "Phase 1", "remedies": "", "summary": "The Office of Fair Trading, whose case records the Competition and Markets Authority now holds, cleared Facebook's acquisition of Instagram unconditionally in August 2012. Competition authorities later came to regard purchases of this kind very differently, and the same transaction became central to the antitrust case brought against the company in the United States.", "sources": "src-oft-facebook-instagram" }, { "id": "oft-inbev-anheuser-busch-2008", "regulator": "cma", "case_number": "InBev NV/SA / Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc", "decision": "cleared", "decided": "2008-11-18", "deal": "inbev-acquires-anheuser-busch-2008", "phase": "Phase 1", "remedies": "", "summary": "The Office of Fair Trading cleared InBev's acquisition of Anheuser-Busch for the United Kingdom in November 2008. The combination created the largest brewer in the world and began the consolidation that later produced the AB InBev and SABMiller merger.", "sources": "src-oft-inbev-ab" }, { "id": "ec-m1990", "regulator": "european-commission", "case_number": "M.1990", "decision": "cleared_with_remedies", "decided": "2000-09-28", "deal": "unilever-acquires-bestfoods-2000", "phase": "Article 6(1)(b) with conditions and obligations", "remedies": "divest_business", "summary": "The European Commission cleared Unilever's acquisition of Bestfoods in Phase I on 28 September 2000 under Article 6(1)(b) with conditions and obligations, after the parties offered divestitures. The case was notified on 16 August 2000 under the then-applicable Council Regulation 4064/89.", "sources": "src-ec-m1990" }, { "id": "ec-m1802", "regulator": "european-commission", "case_number": "M.1802", "decision": "cleared_with_remedies", "decided": "2000-03-08", "deal": "unilever-acquires-amora-maille-2000", "phase": "Article 6(1)(b) with conditions and obligations", "remedies": "divest_business", "summary": "The European Commission cleared Unilever's acquisition of the French condiments group Amora-Maille on 8 March 2000 under Article 6(1)(b) with conditions and obligations. The case was notified on 25 January 2000.", "sources": "src-ec-m1802" }, { "id": "sos-trade-times-newspapers-1981", "regulator": "uk-secretary-of-state", "case_number": "Transfer of The Times and The Sunday Times to News International (Fair Trading Act 1973, s.58)", "decision": "cleared_with_remedies", "decided": "1981-01-27", "deal": "news-corp-acquires-times-newspapers-1981", "phase": null, "remedies": "behavioural:the-times; behavioural:the-times", "summary": "The Secretary of State for Trade consented to the transfer of The Times and The Sunday Times to News International without asking the Monopolies and Mergers Commission to report, on the basis that both papers were in financial difficulty. The consent carried conditions designed to protect the public interest in accurate reporting and free expression: the two titles were to remain separate, with separate editors, and independent national directors were written into the holding company's articles. Those 1981 conditions bound the papers for the next thirty-eight years.", "sources": "src-dcms-times-itc-2019" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "src-24hour-group-mai", "type": "other_official", "title": "Myanmar Airways International | 24 Hour Group of Companies", "url": "https://www.24hourgroup.com.mm/myanmar-airways-international/", "publisher": "24 Hour Group of Companies", "published": null, "retrieved": "2026-10-04", "status": "ok", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-3g-capital-site", "type": "other_official", "title": "3G Capital — investments", "url": "https://www.3g-capital.com/", "publisher": "3G Capital Partners", "published": null, "retrieved": "2026-09-16", "status": "ok", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-7andi-group-list", "type": "other_official", "title": "Seven & i Holdings — major subsidiaries and affiliates", "url": "https://www.7andi.com/en/group/group_list.html", "publisher": "Seven & i Holdings Co., Ltd.", "published": null, "retrieved": "2026-09-16", "status": "ok", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-a2-milk-company-ar-2026", "type": "annual_report", "title": "The a2 Milk Company — 2026 Annual Report", "url": "https://announcements.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20260817/pdf/072t0sgxsfz4mf.pdf", "publisher": "The a2 Milk Company Limited", "published": null, "retrieved": "2026-09-16", "status": "ok", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-ab-inbev-20f-2026", "type": "sec_20f", "title": "Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV Annual Report on Form 20-F filed 2026-03-03", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1668717/000119312526088105/d65314d20f.htm", "publisher": "SEC EDGAR", "published": "2026-03-03", "retrieved": "2026-09-16", "status": "ok", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-ab-inbev-our-brands", "type": "other_official", "title": "AB InBev — Our Brands", "url": "https://www.ab-inbev.com/our-brands/", "publisher": "Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV", "published": null, "retrieved": "2026-09-17", "status": "ok", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-abbott-laboratories-10k-2026", "type": "sec_10k", "title": "Abbott Laboratories Annual Report on Form 10-K filed 2026-02-20", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1800/000162828026010185/abt-20251231.htm", "publisher": "SEC EDGAR", "published": "2026-02-20", "retrieved": "2026-09-26", "status": "ok", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-abf-ar-2025", "type": "annual_report", "title": "Associated British Foods plc Annual Report and Accounts 2025", "url": "https://www.abf.co.uk/investorrelations/results-and-presentations", "publisher": "Associated British Foods plc", "published": "2025-11-04", "retrieved": "2026-09-16", "status": "ok", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-abg-about", "type": "other_official", "title": "Authentic Brands Group — about", "url": "https://authentic.com/about/", "publisher": "Authentic Brands Group LLC", "published": null, "retrieved": "2026-09-16", "status": "ok", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-abg-brooksbrothers-2020", "type": "press_release", "title": "Authentic Brands Group completes acquisition of Brooks Brothers", "url": "https://authentic.com/news/", "publisher": "Authentic Brands Group LLC", "published": "2020-09-30", "retrieved": "2026-09-16", "status": "broken", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-abg-champion-2024", "type": "press_release", "title": "Authentic Brands Group completes acquisition of Champion", "url": "https://authentic.com/news/", "publisher": "Authentic Brands Group LLC", "published": "2024-09-30", "retrieved": "2026-09-16", "status": "broken", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-abg-eddiebauer-2021", "type": "press_release", "title": "Authentic Brands Group acquires Eddie Bauer", "url": "https://authentic.com/news/", "publisher": "Authentic Brands Group LLC", "published": "2021-03-01", "retrieved": "2026-09-16", "status": "broken", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-abg-forever21-2020", "type": "press_release", "title": "Authentic Brands Group completes acquisition of Forever 21", "url": "https://authentic.com/news/", "publisher": "Authentic Brands Group LLC", "published": "2020-02-01", "retrieved": "2026-09-16", "status": "broken", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-abg-nautica-2018", "type": "press_release", "title": "Authentic Brands Group acquires Nautica", "url": "https://authentic.com/news/", "publisher": "Authentic Brands Group LLC", "published": "2018-04-30", "retrieved": "2026-09-16", "status": "broken", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-abi-website", "type": "other_official", "title": "ABI — Makers of Pepsi and Cristal water in Afghanistan (official website)", "url": "https://www.abi-af.com/", "publisher": "Afghanistan Beverage Industries Limited", "published": null, "retrieved": "2026-09-21", "status": "ok", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-abinbev-20f-2025", "type": "sec_20f", "title": "Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV Annual Report on Form 20-F", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001668717&type=20-F", "publisher": "SEC EDGAR", "published": null, "retrieved": "2026-09-16", "status": "ok", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-abra-group-2q-2026-results", "type": "press_release", "title": "Abra reports 2Q 2026 results supported by revenue growth and expanding connectivity", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/abra-reports-2q-2026-results-supported-by-revenue-growth-and-expanding-connectivity-302857371.html", "publisher": "Abra Group", "published": null, "retrieved": "2026-10-04", "status": "ok", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-acast-ar-2025", "type": "annual_report", "title": "Acast Annual Report 2025", "url": "https://storage.mfn.se/99586309-70c4-49e3-ac27-3e7fae3eb502/acast-ar-2025-eng-final-260417.pdf", "publisher": "Acast AB", "published": "2026-04-17", "retrieved": "2026-10-03", "status": "ok", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-accent-group-annual-report-2025", "type": "annual_report", "title": "Accent Group Limited Annual Report 2025", "url": "https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5eb1186f84c65a0748a411f1/68f6c658eb95349013ef202a_2025%20Annual%20Report.pdf", "publisher": "Accent Group 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"title": "Sirius XM Holdings Inc.: Form 10-K for the year ended 2025-12-31 (revenue)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/908937/000090893726000006/0000908937-26-000006-index.htm", "publisher": "SEC EDGAR", "published": "2026-02-05", "retrieved": "2026-10-04", "status": "ok", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-sec-revenue-0000909832", "type": "sec_10k", "title": "Costco Wholesale Corporation: Form 10-K for the year ended 2025-08-31 (revenue)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/909832/000090983225000101/0000909832-25-000101-index.htm", "publisher": "SEC EDGAR", "published": "2025-10-08", "retrieved": "2026-10-04", "status": "ok", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-sec-revenue-0000910329", "type": "sec_10k", "title": "Medifast, Inc.: Form 10-K for the year ended 2025-12-31 (revenue)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/910329/000162828026008656/0001628280-26-008656-index.htm", "publisher": "SEC EDGAR", "published": "2026-02-17", "retrieved": "2026-10-04", 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"title": "Helen of Troy Limited: Form 10-K for the year ended 2026-02-28 (revenue)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/916789/000091678926000048/0000916789-26-000048-index.htm", "publisher": "SEC EDGAR", "published": "2026-04-23", "retrieved": "2026-10-04", "status": "ok", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-sec-revenue-0000919012", "type": "sec_10k", "title": "American Eagle Outfitters, Inc.: Form 10-K for the year ended 2026-01-31 (revenue)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/919012/000119312526132097/0001193125-26-132097-index.htm", "publisher": "SEC EDGAR", "published": "2026-03-30", "retrieved": "2026-10-04", "status": "ok", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-sec-revenue-0000931015", "type": "sec_10k", "title": "Polaris Inc.: Form 10-K for the year ended 2025-12-31 (revenue)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/931015/000162828026008033/0001628280-26-008033-index.htm", "publisher": "SEC EDGAR", "published": "2026-02-13", "retrieved": "2026-10-04", 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"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949870/000119312526067467/0001193125-26-067467-index.htm", "publisher": "SEC EDGAR", "published": "2026-02-24", "retrieved": "2026-10-04", "status": "ok", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-sec-revenue-0001001250", "type": "sec_10k", "title": "The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.: Form 10-K for the year ended 2026-06-30 (revenue)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1001250/000100125026000041/0001001250-26-000041-index.htm", "publisher": "SEC EDGAR", "published": "2026-08-19", "retrieved": "2026-10-04", "status": "ok", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-sec-revenue-0001018724", "type": "sec_10k", "title": "Amazon.com, Inc.: Form 10-K for the year ended 2025-12-31 (revenue)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1018724/000101872426000004/0001018724-26-000004-index.htm", "publisher": "SEC EDGAR", "published": "2026-02-06", "retrieved": "2026-10-04", "status": "ok", "sha256": null }, { "id": "src-sec-revenue-0001021561", "type": 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