{
  "slug": "crude-oil-trade",
  "kind": "flow",
  "title": "Crude oil: the leading trade routes",
  "subtitle": "15 retained leading routes · 2024",
  "takeaway": "Canada → United States is the largest retained route. Displayed routes cover 42.8% of primary-line world trade.",
  "period": "2024",
  "unit": "USD",
  "publisher": "CEPII BACI via Commodity Origins",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
  "licenseUrl": "https://commodityorigins.com/sources/",
  "attribution": "CEPII BACI; derived primary-HS-line corridor snapshot from Commodity Origins.",
  "retrievedAt": null,
  "vintage": "2026-10-10T22:48:06.733043+00:00",
  "method": "Ribbon widths represent USD value for the 15 retained leading exporter–importer routes. These represent 42.8% of primary-line world value (1243 total corridors). Node totals cover displayed routes only.",
  "notes": [
    "Selected primary HS line only, not all crude oil products or physical tonnage. Reporting year 2024; snapshot generated 2026-10-10. Acquisition date is not supplied.",
    "Other routes are omitted. The data export contains exactly the displayed routes; broader commodity coverage is in the linked retained snapshot."
  ],
  "explorer": "/patterns/trade-flows/",
  "rows": [
    {
      "place": "Canada",
      "code": "CAN",
      "destination": "United States",
      "destinationCode": "USA",
      "period": "2024",
      "value": "100477650948",
      "status": "Retained derived corridor value",
      "sharePct": 7.587610558809075,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
      "sourceLocator": "/publisher-data/patterns/trade-flows.json · crude-oil · CAN → USA"
    },
    {
      "place": "Russia",
      "code": "RUS",
      "destination": "China",
      "destinationCode": "CHN",
      "period": "2024",
      "value": "62589755078",
      "status": "Retained derived corridor value",
      "sharePct": 4.726490737217615,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
      "sourceLocator": "/publisher-data/patterns/trade-flows.json · crude-oil · RUS → CHN"
    },
    {
      "place": "Russia",
      "code": "RUS",
      "destination": "India",
      "destinationCode": "IND",
      "period": "2024",
      "value": "52727893910",
      "status": "Retained derived corridor value",
      "sharePct": 3.9817682917600523,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
      "sourceLocator": "/publisher-data/patterns/trade-flows.json · crude-oil · RUS → IND"
    },
    {
      "place": "Saudi Arabia",
      "code": "SAU",
      "destination": "China",
      "destinationCode": "CHN",
      "period": "2024",
      "value": "47910307938",
      "status": "Retained derived corridor value",
      "sharePct": 3.617966333371959,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
      "sourceLocator": "/publisher-data/patterns/trade-flows.json · crude-oil · SAU → CHN"
    },
    {
      "place": "Malaysia",
      "code": "MYS",
      "destination": "China",
      "destinationCode": "CHN",
      "period": "2024",
      "value": "38348163667",
      "status": "Retained derived corridor value",
      "sharePct": 2.895877130937838,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
      "sourceLocator": "/publisher-data/patterns/trade-flows.json · crude-oil · MYS → CHN"
    },
    {
      "place": "Iraq",
      "code": "IRQ",
      "destination": "China",
      "destinationCode": "CHN",
      "period": "2024",
      "value": "37030183310",
      "status": "Retained derived corridor value",
      "sharePct": 2.7963493097883205,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
      "sourceLocator": "/publisher-data/patterns/trade-flows.json · crude-oil · IRQ → CHN"
    },
    {
      "place": "United Arab Emirates",
      "code": "ARE",
      "destination": "Japan",
      "destinationCode": "JPN",
      "period": "2024",
      "value": "31447434112",
      "status": "Retained derived corridor value",
      "sharePct": 2.3747657400863376,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
      "sourceLocator": "/publisher-data/patterns/trade-flows.json · crude-oil · ARE → JPN"
    },
    {
      "place": "Saudi Arabia",
      "code": "SAU",
      "destination": "South Korea",
      "destinationCode": "KOR",
      "period": "2024",
      "value": "29479657426",
      "status": "Retained derived corridor value",
      "sharePct": 2.2261682856355063,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
      "sourceLocator": "/publisher-data/patterns/trade-flows.json · crude-oil · SAU → KOR"
    },
    {
      "place": "Saudi Arabia",
      "code": "SAU",
      "destination": "Japan",
      "destinationCode": "JPN",
      "period": "2024",
      "value": "28747349249",
      "status": "Retained derived corridor value",
      "sharePct": 2.170867736670811,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
      "sourceLocator": "/publisher-data/patterns/trade-flows.json · crude-oil · SAU → JPN"
    },
    {
      "place": "Iraq",
      "code": "IRQ",
      "destination": "India",
      "destinationCode": "IND",
      "period": "2024",
      "value": "28105033563",
      "status": "Retained derived corridor value",
      "sharePct": 2.1223630071593247,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
      "sourceLocator": "/publisher-data/patterns/trade-flows.json · crude-oil · IRQ → IND"
    },
    {
      "place": "Oman",
      "code": "OMN",
      "destination": "China",
      "destinationCode": "CHN",
      "period": "2024",
      "value": "25045149223",
      "status": "Retained derived corridor value",
      "sharePct": 1.8912946003259077,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
      "sourceLocator": "/publisher-data/patterns/trade-flows.json · crude-oil · OMN → CHN"
    },
    {
      "place": "Netherlands",
      "code": "NLD",
      "destination": "Belgium",
      "destinationCode": "BEL",
      "period": "2024",
      "value": "22517806428",
      "status": "Retained derived corridor value",
      "sharePct": 1.7004412842288146,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
      "sourceLocator": "/publisher-data/patterns/trade-flows.json · crude-oil · NLD → BEL"
    },
    {
      "place": "United Arab Emirates",
      "code": "ARE",
      "destination": "China",
      "destinationCode": "CHN",
      "period": "2024",
      "value": "22068408683",
      "status": "Retained derived corridor value",
      "sharePct": 1.6665048312674322,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
      "sourceLocator": "/publisher-data/patterns/trade-flows.json · crude-oil · ARE → CHN"
    },
    {
      "place": "Brazil",
      "code": "BRA",
      "destination": "China",
      "destinationCode": "CHN",
      "period": "2024",
      "value": "20011974032",
      "status": "Retained derived corridor value",
      "sharePct": 1.511212334635483,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
      "sourceLocator": "/publisher-data/patterns/trade-flows.json · crude-oil · BRA → CHN"
    },
    {
      "place": "Saudi Arabia",
      "code": "SAU",
      "destination": "India",
      "destinationCode": "IND",
      "period": "2024",
      "value": "19606881973",
      "status": "Retained derived corridor value",
      "sharePct": 1.4806216435200148,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
      "sourceLocator": "/publisher-data/patterns/trade-flows.json · crude-oil · SAU → IND"
    }
  ],
  "commodity": "crude-oil",
  "topic": "Trade routes",
  "coveragePct": 42.750301825414496
}