{
  "slug": "fra-generation-stack",
  "kind": "stacked-area",
  "title": "France: six sources of electricity",
  "subtitle": "Coal, gas, hydro, wind, solar and nuclear · 2015–2025 · TWh",
  "takeaway": "Compare six non-overlapping generation categories through time using one zero-based TWh scale.",
  "period": "2015–2025",
  "unit": "TWh",
  "publisher": "Ember",
  "sourceUrl": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv",
  "licenseUrl": "https://ember-energy.org/creative-commons/",
  "attribution": "Ember, Yearly Electricity Data, retrieved 2026-10-10T13:00:18.443Z Selected and formatted by World Signals Monitor.",
  "retrievedAt": "2026-10-10T13:00:18.443Z",
  "vintage": "b2ac49fa9b27035fedda3c6afb85917bf136de9253bfcbaf09c3410904ec7cd1",
  "method": "Stack reported coal, gas, hydro, wind, solar and nuclear generation in that fixed order. These six categories share TWh units and are not overlapping aggregates. Oil, bioenergy and other sources are omitted: the sum is explicitly a selected-source total, not the country’s full electricity mix. A year with any missing or negative component breaks every band, so no incomplete total is drawn. Straight band edges connect adjacent complete annual observations; no smoothing or replacement of missing values is applied. The vertical axis starts at zero. Each source observation, flag and note is retained separately.",
  "notes": [
    "Annual electricity generation from coal.",
    "Generation is electricity produced, distinct from installed capacity and final energy consumption. Source estimates and historical years may be revised.",
    "Values, source flags and notes retain the reviewed snapshot. No new observations are acquired or interpolated."
  ],
  "explorer": "/explore/world-data/electricity-mix/",
  "rows": [
    {
      "place": "France",
      "code": "FRA",
      "period": "2015",
      "value": "11.89",
      "status": "",
      "sourceNote": "",
      "sourceUrl": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv",
      "sourceLocator": "/global-data/ember-coal.json · FRA/2015 · original row 33328 · Generation (TWh)",
      "metricId": "ember-coal",
      "measure": "Coal electricity generation",
      "role": "value",
      "unit": "TWh",
      "displayed": true,
      "originalRow": 33328,
      "originalField": "Generation (TWh)",
      "retainedUrl": "/global-data/ember-coal.json"
    },
    {
      "place": "France",
      "code": "FRA",
      "period": "2016",
      "value": "10.23",
      "status": "",
      "sourceNote": "",
      "sourceUrl": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv",
      "sourceLocator": "/global-data/ember-coal.json · FRA/2016 · original row 33345 · Generation (TWh)",
      "metricId": "ember-coal",
      "measure": "Coal electricity generation",
      "role": "value",
      "unit": "TWh",
      "displayed": true,
      "originalRow": 33345,
      "originalField": "Generation (TWh)",
      "retainedUrl": "/global-data/ember-coal.json"
    },
    {
      "place": "France",
      "code": "FRA",
      "period": "2017",
      "value": "12.81",
      "status": "",
      "sourceNote": "",
      "sourceUrl": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv",
      "sourceLocator": "/global-data/ember-coal.json · FRA/2017 · original row 33362 · Generation (TWh)",
      "metricId": "ember-coal",
      "measure": "Coal electricity generation",
      "role": "value",
      "unit": "TWh",
      "displayed": true,
      "originalRow": 33362,
      "originalField": "Generation (TWh)",
      "retainedUrl": "/global-data/ember-coal.json"
    },
    {
      "place": "France",
      "code": "FRA",
      "period": "2018",
      "value": "8.31",
      "status": "",
      "sourceNote": "",
      "sourceUrl": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv",
      "sourceLocator": "/global-data/ember-coal.json · FRA/2018 · original row 33379 · Generation (TWh)",
      "metricId": "ember-coal",
      "measure": "Coal electricity generation",
      "role": "value",
      "unit": "TWh",
      "displayed": true,
      "originalRow": 33379,
      "originalField": "Generation (TWh)",
      "retainedUrl": "/global-data/ember-coal.json"
    },
    {
      "place": "France",
      "code": "FRA",
      "period": "2019",
      "value": "3.64",
      "status": "",
      "sourceNote": "",
      "sourceUrl": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv",
      "sourceLocator": "/global-data/ember-coal.json · FRA/2019 · original row 33396 · Generation (TWh)",
      "metricId": "ember-coal",
      "measure": "Coal electricity generation",
      "role": "value",
      "unit": "TWh",
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      "originalRow": 33396,
      "originalField": "Generation (TWh)",
      "retainedUrl": "/global-data/ember-coal.json"
    },
    {
      "place": "France",
      "code": "FRA",
      "period": "2020",
      "value": "3.09",
      "status": "",
      "sourceNote": "",
      "sourceUrl": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv",
      "sourceLocator": "/global-data/ember-coal.json · FRA/2020 · original row 33413 · Generation (TWh)",
      "metricId": "ember-coal",
      "measure": "Coal electricity generation",
      "role": "value",
      "unit": "TWh",
      "displayed": true,
      "originalRow": 33413,
      "originalField": "Generation (TWh)",
      "retainedUrl": "/global-data/ember-coal.json"
    },
    {
      "place": "France",
      "code": "FRA",
      "period": "2021",
      "value": "5.44",
      "status": "",
      "sourceNote": "",
      "sourceUrl": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv",
      "sourceLocator": "/global-data/ember-coal.json · FRA/2021 · original row 33430 · Generation (TWh)",
      "metricId": "ember-coal",
      "measure": "Coal electricity generation",
      "role": "value",
      "unit": "TWh",
      "displayed": true,
      "originalRow": 33430,
      "originalField": "Generation (TWh)",
      "retainedUrl": "/global-data/ember-coal.json"
    },
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      "place": "France",
      "code": "FRA",
      "period": "2022",
      "value": "4.16",
      "status": "",
      "sourceNote": "",
      "sourceUrl": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv",
      "sourceLocator": "/global-data/ember-coal.json · FRA/2022 · original row 33447 · Generation (TWh)",
      "metricId": "ember-coal",
      "measure": "Coal electricity generation",
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      "unit": "TWh",
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      "originalField": "Generation (TWh)",
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    },
    {
      "place": "France",
      "code": "FRA",
      "period": "2023",
      "value": "1.61",
      "status": "",
      "sourceNote": "",
      "sourceUrl": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv",
      "sourceLocator": "/global-data/ember-coal.json · FRA/2023 · original row 33464 · Generation (TWh)",
      "metricId": "ember-coal",
      "measure": "Coal electricity generation",
      "role": "value",
      "unit": "TWh",
      "displayed": true,
      "originalRow": 33464,
      "originalField": "Generation (TWh)",
      "retainedUrl": "/global-data/ember-coal.json"
    },
    {
      "place": "France",
      "code": "FRA",
      "period": "2024",
      "value": "1.02",
      "status": "",
      "sourceNote": "",
      "sourceUrl": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv",
      "sourceLocator": "/global-data/ember-coal.json · FRA/2024 · original row 33481 · Generation (TWh)",
      "metricId": "ember-coal",
      "measure": "Coal electricity generation",
      "role": "value",
      "unit": "TWh",
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      "originalRow": 33481,
      "originalField": "Generation (TWh)",
      "retainedUrl": "/global-data/ember-coal.json"
    },
    {
      "place": "France",
      "code": "FRA",
      "period": "2025",
      "value": "1.746",
      "status": "",
      "sourceNote": "",
      "sourceUrl": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv",
      "sourceLocator": "/global-data/ember-coal.json · FRA/2025 · original row 33498 · Generation (TWh)",
      "metricId": "ember-coal",
      "measure": "Coal electricity generation",
      "role": "value",
      "unit": "TWh",
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      "originalRow": 33498,
      "originalField": "Generation (TWh)",
      "retainedUrl": "/global-data/ember-coal.json"
    },
    {
      "place": "France",
      "code": "FRA",
      "period": "2015",
      "value": "21.14",
      "status": "",
      "sourceNote": "",
      "sourceUrl": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv",
      "sourceLocator": "/global-data/ember-gas.json · FRA/2015 · original row 33329 · Generation (TWh)",
      "metricId": "ember-gas",
      "measure": "Gas electricity generation",
      "role": "value",
      "unit": "TWh",
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      "originalRow": 33329,
      "originalField": "Generation (TWh)",
      "retainedUrl": "/global-data/ember-gas.json"
    },
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      "place": "France",
      "code": "FRA",
      "period": "2016",
      "value": "34.97",
      "status": "",
      "sourceNote": "",
      "sourceUrl": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv",
      "sourceLocator": "/global-data/ember-gas.json · FRA/2016 · original row 33346 · Generation (TWh)",
      "metricId": "ember-gas",
      "measure": "Gas electricity generation",
      "role": "value",
      "unit": "TWh",
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      "originalRow": 33346,
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    },
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      "place": "France",
      "code": "FRA",
      "period": "2017",
      "value": "40.5",
      "status": "",
      "sourceNote": "",
      "sourceUrl": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv",
      "sourceLocator": "/global-data/ember-gas.json · FRA/2017 · original row 33363 · Generation (TWh)",
      "metricId": "ember-gas",
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      "place": "France",
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      "place": "France",
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      "value": "39.24",
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      "metricId": "ember-gas",
      "measure": "Gas electricity generation",
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      "metricId": "ember-hydro",
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      "unit": "TWh",
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      "unit": "TWh",
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      "value": "50.0",
      "status": "",
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      "metricId": "ember-hydro",
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      "sourceUrl": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv",
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      "metricId": "ember-hydro",
      "measure": "Hydro electricity generation",
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      "metricId": "ember-hydro",
      "measure": "Hydro electricity generation",
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        "rows": 4980,
        "present": 4980,
        "countries": 197,
        "json": "/global-data/ember-gas.json",
        "csv": "/global-data/ember-gas.csv",
        "publisher": "Ember",
        "licenseUrl": "https://ember-energy.org/creative-commons/",
        "familyId": "electricity-mix"
      },
      {
        "id": "ember-hydro",
        "title": "Hydro electricity generation",
        "unit": "TWh",
        "definition": "Annual electricity generation from hydro.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv",
          "sha256": "b2ac49fa9b27035fedda3c6afb85917bf136de9253bfcbaf09c3410904ec7cd1",
          "size": 16123048,
          "retrievedAt": "2026-10-10T13:00:18.443Z"
        },
        "attribution": "Ember, Yearly Electricity Data, retrieved 2026-10-10T13:00:18.443Z Selected and formatted by World Signals Monitor.",
        "termsSha256": "07a634f978575a79ac645ca236f18064e3390102a0906d26ed24b75f9497b9d5",
        "rows": 5015,
        "present": 5015,
        "countries": 198,
        "json": "/global-data/ember-hydro.json",
        "csv": "/global-data/ember-hydro.csv",
        "publisher": "Ember",
        "licenseUrl": "https://ember-energy.org/creative-commons/",
        "familyId": "electricity-mix"
      },
      {
        "id": "ember-wind",
        "title": "Wind electricity generation",
        "unit": "TWh",
        "definition": "Annual electricity generation from wind.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv",
          "sha256": "b2ac49fa9b27035fedda3c6afb85917bf136de9253bfcbaf09c3410904ec7cd1",
          "size": 16123048,
          "retrievedAt": "2026-10-10T13:00:18.443Z"
        },
        "attribution": "Ember, Yearly Electricity Data, retrieved 2026-10-10T13:00:18.443Z Selected and formatted by World Signals Monitor.",
        "termsSha256": "07a634f978575a79ac645ca236f18064e3390102a0906d26ed24b75f9497b9d5",
        "rows": 4881,
        "present": 4881,
        "countries": 198,
        "json": "/global-data/ember-wind.json",
        "csv": "/global-data/ember-wind.csv",
        "publisher": "Ember",
        "licenseUrl": "https://ember-energy.org/creative-commons/",
        "familyId": "electricity-mix"
      },
      {
        "id": "ember-solar",
        "title": "Solar electricity generation",
        "unit": "TWh",
        "definition": "Annual electricity generation from solar.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv",
          "sha256": "b2ac49fa9b27035fedda3c6afb85917bf136de9253bfcbaf09c3410904ec7cd1",
          "size": 16123048,
          "retrievedAt": "2026-10-10T13:00:18.443Z"
        },
        "attribution": "Ember, Yearly Electricity Data, retrieved 2026-10-10T13:00:18.443Z Selected and formatted by World Signals Monitor.",
        "termsSha256": "07a634f978575a79ac645ca236f18064e3390102a0906d26ed24b75f9497b9d5",
        "rows": 5064,
        "present": 5064,
        "countries": 200,
        "json": "/global-data/ember-solar.json",
        "csv": "/global-data/ember-solar.csv",
        "publisher": "Ember",
        "licenseUrl": "https://ember-energy.org/creative-commons/",
        "familyId": "electricity-mix"
      },
      {
        "id": "ember-nuclear",
        "title": "Nuclear electricity generation",
        "unit": "TWh",
        "definition": "Annual electricity generation from nuclear.",
        "source": {
          "url": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv",
          "sha256": "b2ac49fa9b27035fedda3c6afb85917bf136de9253bfcbaf09c3410904ec7cd1",
          "size": 16123048,
          "retrievedAt": "2026-10-10T13:00:18.443Z"
        },
        "attribution": "Ember, Yearly Electricity Data, retrieved 2026-10-10T13:00:18.443Z Selected and formatted by World Signals Monitor.",
        "termsSha256": "07a634f978575a79ac645ca236f18064e3390102a0906d26ed24b75f9497b9d5",
        "rows": 4753,
        "present": 4753,
        "countries": 190,
        "json": "/global-data/ember-nuclear.json",
        "csv": "/global-data/ember-nuclear.csv",
        "publisher": "Ember",
        "licenseUrl": "https://ember-energy.org/creative-commons/",
        "familyId": "electricity-mix"
      }
    ],
    "periods": [
      "2015",
      "2016",
      "2017",
      "2018",
      "2019",
      "2020",
      "2021",
      "2022",
      "2023",
      "2024",
      "2025"
    ],
    "displayCodes": [
      "FRA"
    ],
    "caption": "Band thickness shows selected-source electricity generation in TWh; the stack is not total electricity generation.",
    "credit": "Ember · Six selected generation sources",
    "entity": "FRA"
  },
  "topic": "Energy & environment"
}