Research spending: a decade of change
71 economies have both endpoints. Eight of the largest absolute changes are highlighted; changes are measured in percentage points.
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How to read this diagram
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Compare common reporting years ten years apart. Select eight largest absolute changes; ties sort by code. Both endpoints share one linear scale (0 to 6.5 R&D expenditure (% of GDP)). Labels connect to the true data positions. Differences are in percentage points, not relative percentage growth. Connecting lines show endpoints only.
84 of 155 retained reporting economies have values in 2023; coverage is not a complete world ranking. Highest does not imply best.
Gross domestic R&D expenditure as a share of GDP, not total research dollars. Survey coverage and national compilation methods vary; gaps remain missing.
Annual 2000–2025 selection. Source estimates and historical values may be revised; unavailable values remain missing.
Source notes and numeric strings remain unchanged in downloads. The latest retained reporting year can differ across datasets.
Missing endpoint pairs are excluded from the graphic and retained in the table. Highest change does not imply best; source estimates and revisions may affect differences.
Explore the source dataset →The data behind the picture
310 retained source observations · Reporting period 2013–2023 · Unit: R&D expenditure (% of GDP). Numeric strings below retain snapshot precision.
| Reporting economy | Measure / role | Year | Value | Unit | Graphic selection | Source status / note | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bermuda BMU | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.1963 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1833&field=value |
| Bermuda BMU | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1823&field=value |
| United Arab Emirates ARE | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6591&field=value |
| United Arab Emirates ARE | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6581&field=value |
| Azerbaijan AZE | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.20969 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1599&field=value |
| Azerbaijan AZE | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.1816 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1589&field=value |
| Morocco MAR | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4745&field=value |
| Morocco MAR | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4735&field=value |
| Norway NOR | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 1.64216 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5109&field=value |
| Norway NOR | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 1.85142 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5099&field=value |
| Armenia ARM | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.22216 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1495&field=value |
| Armenia ARM | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.1821 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1485&field=value |
| Jamaica JAM | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3809&field=value |
| Jamaica JAM | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3799&field=value |
| Mozambique MOZ | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4771&field=value |
| Mozambique MOZ | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4761&field=value |
| Malawi MWI | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4381&field=value |
| Malawi MWI | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4371&field=value |
| Tajikistan TJK | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.11851 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6227&field=value |
| Tajikistan TJK | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6217&field=value |
| Namibia NAM | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4823&field=value |
| Namibia NAM | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4813&field=value |
| Greece GRC | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.82288 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3263&field=value |
| Greece GRC | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 1.4943 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3253&field=value |
| Rwanda RWA | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5499&field=value |
| Rwanda RWA | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.78149 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5489&field=value |
| Egypt, Arab Rep. EGY | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.63895 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2795&field=value |
| Egypt, Arab Rep. EGY | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 1.03356 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2785&field=value |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina BIH | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.32132 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1911&field=value |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina BIH | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.18853 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1901&field=value |
| Croatia HRV | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.79163 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2535&field=value |
| Croatia HRV | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 1.38621 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2525&field=value |
| Belgium BEL | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 2.32047 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1755&field=value |
| Belgium BEL | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 3.27235 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1745&field=value |
| Iran IRN | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.23601 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3653&field=value |
| Iran IRN | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3643&field=value |
| Georgia GEO | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.0771 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3159&field=value |
| Georgia GEO | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.25084 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3149&field=value |
| United States USA | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 2.69591 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6643&field=value |
| United States USA | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 3.44716 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6633&field=value |
| South Korea KOR | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 3.77487 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3991&field=value |
| South Korea KOR | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 4.94352 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3981&field=value |
| Burkina Faso BFA | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2067&field=value |
| Burkina Faso BFA | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.09845 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2057&field=value |
| Serbia SRB | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.65574 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5655&field=value |
| Serbia SRB | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.87816 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5645&field=value |
| Cote d'Ivoire CIV | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2509&field=value |
| Cote d'Ivoire CIV | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2499&field=value |
| Czechia CZE | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 1.86743 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2639&field=value |
| Czechia CZE | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 1.83369 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2629&field=value |
| West Bank and Gaza PSE | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.45434 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6825&field=value |
| West Bank and Gaza PSE | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6815&field=value |
| Hong Kong SAR, China HKG | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.73017 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3523&field=value |
| Hong Kong SAR, China HKG | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 1.10625 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3513&field=value |
| Puerto Rico (US) PRI | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.43859 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5395&field=value |
| Puerto Rico (US) PRI | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5385&field=value |
| Italy ITA | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 1.29425 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3783&field=value |
| Italy ITA | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 1.37935 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3773&field=value |
| Cyprus CYP | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.48485 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2613&field=value |
| Cyprus CYP | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.68145 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2603&field=value |
| Austria AUT | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 2.97993 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1573&field=value |
| Austria AUT | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 3.25517 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1563&field=value |
| Colombia COL | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.25761 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2379&field=value |
| Colombia COL | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2369&field=value |
| Venezuela, RB VEN | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.31853 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6747&field=value |
| Venezuela, RB VEN | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6737&field=value |
| Chile CHL | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.39031 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2327&field=value |
| Chile CHL | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2317&field=value |
| Congo, Rep. COG | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2457&field=value |
| Congo, Rep. COG | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2447&field=value |
| Uganda UGA | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6539&field=value |
| Uganda UGA | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.4383 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6529&field=value |
| Spain ESP | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 1.26864 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5941&field=value |
| Spain ESP | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 1.49362 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5931&field=value |
| Gabon GAB | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3107&field=value |
| Gabon GAB | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3097&field=value |
| Peru PER | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.08174 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5291&field=value |
| Peru PER | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.17611 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5281&field=value |
| Panama PAN | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.06028 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5213&field=value |
| Panama PAN | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.15803 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5203&field=value |
| Guatemala GTM | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.03916 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3367&field=value |
| Guatemala GTM | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.00609 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3357&field=value |
| Uruguay URY | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.29118 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6669&field=value |
| Uruguay URY | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.70196 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6659&field=value |
| North Macedonia MKD | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.43894 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5057&field=value |
| North Macedonia MKD | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.3699 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5047&field=value |
| Indonesia IDN | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.0847 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3627&field=value |
| Indonesia IDN | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3617&field=value |
| South Africa ZAF | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.6633 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5889&field=value |
| South Africa ZAF | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5879&field=value |
| Turkmenistan TKM | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6461&field=value |
| Turkmenistan TKM | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.09 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present · UIS Estimation | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6451&field=value |
| Ghana GHA | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3211&field=value |
| Ghana GHA | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3201&field=value |
| Malta MLT | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.72644 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4485&field=value |
| Malta MLT | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.64792 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4475&field=value |
| Sri Lanka LKA | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.0973 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5967&field=value |
| Sri Lanka LKA | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5957&field=value |
| Chad TCD | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2275&field=value |
| Chad TCD | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2265&field=value |
| Togo TGO | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6331&field=value |
| Togo TGO | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6321&field=value |
| Botswana BWA | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.561 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1937&field=value |
| Botswana BWA | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1927&field=value |
| Mexico MEX | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.40806 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4589&field=value |
| Mexico MEX | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.26746 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4579&field=value |
| Burundi BDI | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2093&field=value |
| Burundi BDI | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2083&field=value |
| Madagascar MDG | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4355&field=value |
| Madagascar MDG | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4345&field=value |
| Moldova MDA | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.29783 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4641&field=value |
| Moldova MDA | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.22111 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4631&field=value |
| Qatar QAT | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5421&field=value |
| Qatar QAT | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5411&field=value |
| Liechtenstein LIE | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4251&field=value |
| Liechtenstein LIE | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 6.00984 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4241&field=value |
| Eswatini SWZ | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2925&field=value |
| Eswatini SWZ | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2915&field=value |
| Monaco MCO | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4667&field=value |
| Monaco MCO | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4657&field=value |
| Saudi Arabia SAU | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.79069 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5603&field=value |
| Saudi Arabia SAU | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.49487 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5593&field=value |
| Faroe Islands FRO | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2977&field=value |
| Faroe Islands FRO | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2967&field=value |
| Malaysia MYS | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4407&field=value |
| Malaysia MYS | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4397&field=value |
| India IND | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.70642 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3601&field=value |
| India IND | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3591&field=value |
| Greenland GRL | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3289&field=value |
| Greenland GRL | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3279&field=value |
| Iceland ISL | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 1.69237 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3575&field=value |
| Iceland ISL | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 2.64005 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3565&field=value |
| Slovakia SVK | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.8184 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5785&field=value |
| Slovakia SVK | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 1.03359 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5775&field=value |
| Mauritania MRT | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4537&field=value |
| Mauritania MRT | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4527&field=value |
| Trinidad and Tobago TTO | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.0541 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6383&field=value |
| Trinidad and Tobago TTO | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6373&field=value |
| Sudan SDN | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6097&field=value |
| Sudan SDN | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6087&field=value |
| Mongolia MNG | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.23246 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4693&field=value |
| Mongolia MNG | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4683&field=value |
| Cabo Verde CPV | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2119&field=value |
| Cabo Verde CPV | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2109&field=value |
| Tanzania TZA | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.51456 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6253&field=value |
| Tanzania TZA | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6243&field=value |
| Seychelles SYC | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5681&field=value |
| Seychelles SYC | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5671&field=value |
| Kazakhstan KAZ | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.17132 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3887&field=value |
| Kazakhstan KAZ | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.14449 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3877&field=value |
| Vietnam VNM | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.29932 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6773&field=value |
| Vietnam VNM | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.41456 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6763&field=value |
| Gambia, The GMB | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3133&field=value |
| Gambia, The GMB | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3123&field=value |
| Sweden SWE | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 3.27557 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6149&field=value |
| Sweden SWE | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 3.59978 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6139&field=value |
| Laos LAO | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4095&field=value |
| Laos LAO | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4085&field=value |
| Denmark DNK | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 2.96145 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2665&field=value |
| Denmark DNK | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 3.04841 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2655&field=value |
| Myanmar MMR | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4797&field=value |
| Myanmar MMR | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.02307 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4787&field=value |
| Pakistan PAK | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.26179 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5161&field=value |
| Pakistan PAK | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.16399 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5151&field=value |
| Nepal NPL | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4875&field=value |
| Nepal NPL | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4865&field=value |
| China CHN | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 1.96246 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2353&field=value |
| China CHN | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 2.57729 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2343&field=value |
| Nicaragua NIC | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.10284 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4979&field=value |
| Nicaragua NIC | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4969&field=value |
| Kuwait KWT | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.30153 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4043&field=value |
| Kuwait KWT | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.09547 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4033&field=value |
| Slovenia SVN | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 2.59426 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5811&field=value |
| Slovenia SVN | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 2.13385 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5801&field=value |
| Australia AUS | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 2.17733 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1547&field=value |
| Australia AUS | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1537&field=value |
| Tunisia TUN | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.637 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6409&field=value |
| Tunisia TUN | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6399&field=value |
| United Kingdom GBR | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 1.62096 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6617&field=value |
| United Kingdom GBR | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 2.67614 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6607&field=value |
| Romania ROU | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.39022 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5447&field=value |
| Romania ROU | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.51656 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5437&field=value |
| Paraguay PRY | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.07163 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5265&field=value |
| Paraguay PRY | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.14117 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5255&field=value |
| Jordan JOR | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3861&field=value |
| Jordan JOR | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3851&field=value |
| Algeria DZA | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1339&field=value |
| Algeria DZA | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.37787 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1329&field=value |
| Angola AGO | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1417&field=value |
| Angola AGO | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1407&field=value |
| Andorra AND | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1391&field=value |
| Andorra AND | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1381&field=value |
| Cambodia KHM | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2145&field=value |
| Cambodia KHM | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2135&field=value |
| Kyrgyzstan KGZ | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.14914 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4069&field=value |
| Kyrgyzstan KGZ | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.05414 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4059&field=value |
| Russia RUS | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 1.02732 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5473&field=value |
| Russia RUS | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.93518 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5463&field=value |
| El Salvador SLV | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.06387 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2821&field=value |
| El Salvador SLV | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.10152 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2811&field=value |
| Mauritius MUS | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4563&field=value |
| Mauritius MUS | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.23892 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4553&field=value |
| Bahrain BHR | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1651&field=value |
| Bahrain BHR | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1641&field=value |
| Honduras HND | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3497&field=value |
| Honduras HND | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3487&field=value |
| Thailand THA | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.44163 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6279&field=value |
| Thailand THA | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.93628 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6269&field=value |
| Philippines PHL | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.13207 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5317&field=value |
| Philippines PHL | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5307&field=value |
| Finland FIN | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 3.28462 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3029&field=value |
| Finland FIN | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 3.0938 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3019&field=value |
| Germany DEU | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 2.78067 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3185&field=value |
| Germany DEU | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 3.1539 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3175&field=value |
| Bolivia BOL | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1885&field=value |
| Bolivia BOL | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1875&field=value |
| Montenegro MNE | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.37431 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4719&field=value |
| Montenegro MNE | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4709&field=value |
| France FRA | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 2.23369 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3055&field=value |
| France FRA | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 2.17832 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3045&field=value |
| Ukraine UKR | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.733 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6565&field=value |
| Ukraine UKR | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.32209 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6555&field=value |
| Ethiopia ETH | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.60474 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2951&field=value |
| Ethiopia ETH | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2941&field=value |
| Türkiye TUR | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.81206 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6435&field=value |
| Türkiye TUR | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 1.42224 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6425&field=value |
| Argentina ARG | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.61849 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1469&field=value |
| Argentina ARG | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.60111 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1459&field=value |
| Mali MLI | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4459&field=value |
| Mali MLI | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.14743 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4449&field=value |
| Ireland IRL | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 1.53562 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3705&field=value |
| Ireland IRL | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 1.58829 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3695&field=value |
| Switzerland CHE | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6175&field=value |
| Switzerland CHE | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 3.22178 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6165&field=value |
| Israel ISR | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 4.10651 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3757&field=value |
| Israel ISR | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 6.34589 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3747&field=value |
| American Samoa ASM | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1365&field=value |
| American Samoa ASM | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1355&field=value |
| Latvia LVA | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.63536 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4121&field=value |
| Latvia LVA | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.8236 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4111&field=value |
| Virgin Islands (U.S.) VIR | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6799&field=value |
| Virgin Islands (U.S.) VIR | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6789&field=value |
| Poland POL | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.8807 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5343&field=value |
| Poland POL | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 1.55525 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5333&field=value |
| Luxembourg LUX | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 1.23381 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4303&field=value |
| Luxembourg LUX | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 1.07045 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4293&field=value |
| Netherlands NLD | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 2.13953 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4901&field=value |
| Netherlands NLD | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 2.26719 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4891&field=value |
| St. Vincent and the Grenadines VCT | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6071&field=value |
| St. Vincent and the Grenadines VCT | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6061&field=value |
| Syria SYR | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6201&field=value |
| Syria SYR | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6191&field=value |
| Macao SAR, China MAC | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.05117 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4329&field=value |
| Macao SAR, China MAC | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.27103 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4319&field=value |
| Kenya KEN | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3913&field=value |
| Kenya KEN | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.80427 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3903&field=value |
| Estonia EST | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 1.70141 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2899&field=value |
| Estonia EST | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 1.83878 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2889&field=value |
| Papua New Guinea PNG | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5239&field=value |
| Papua New Guinea PNG | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5229&field=value |
| Belarus BLR | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.65191 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1729&field=value |
| Belarus BLR | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.57348 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1719&field=value |
| Hungary HUN | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 1.38449 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3549&field=value |
| Hungary HUN | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 1.37748 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3539&field=value |
| Lesotho LSO | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4173&field=value |
| Lesotho LSO | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.09453 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4163&field=value |
| Albania ALB | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1313&field=value |
| Albania ALB | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1303&field=value |
| Ecuador ECU | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.37423 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2769&field=value |
| Ecuador ECU | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2759&field=value |
| Iraq IRQ | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3679&field=value |
| Iraq IRQ | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3669&field=value |
| Zambia ZMB | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6877&field=value |
| Zambia ZMB | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6867&field=value |
| Japan JPN | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 3.27895 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3835&field=value |
| Japan JPN | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 3.44125 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3825&field=value |
| Uzbekistan UZB | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.155 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6695&field=value |
| Uzbekistan UZB | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.11093 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=6685&field=value |
| Oman OMN | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.14854 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5135&field=value |
| Oman OMN | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.37526 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5125&field=value |
| Brunei BRN | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2015&field=value |
| Brunei BRN | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2005&field=value |
| Cuba CUB | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.47467 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2561&field=value |
| Cuba CUB | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.39213 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2551&field=value |
| Lithuania LTU | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.95322 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4277&field=value |
| Lithuania LTU | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 1.04977 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4267&field=value |
| Portugal PRT | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 1.32325 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5369&field=value |
| Portugal PRT | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 1.69491 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5359&field=value |
| Guam GUM | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3341&field=value |
| Guam GUM | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=3331&field=value |
| Nigeria NGA | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5031&field=value |
| Nigeria NGA | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5021&field=value |
| Costa Rica CRI | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.54253 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2483&field=value |
| Costa Rica CRI | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.33738 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2473&field=value |
| Congo, Dem. Rep. COD | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2431&field=value |
| Congo, Dem. Rep. COD | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2421&field=value |
| Canada CAN | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 1.70624 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2197&field=value |
| Canada CAN | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 1.81048 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2187&field=value |
| New Zealand NZL | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 1.15275 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4953&field=value |
| New Zealand NZL | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 1.54848 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=4943&field=value |
| Senegal SEN | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5629&field=value |
| Senegal SEN | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5619&field=value |
| Singapore SGP | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 1.92104 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5733&field=value |
| Singapore SGP | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=5723&field=value |
| Bhutan BTN | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | Not available | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | missing | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1859&field=value |
| Bhutan BTN | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.10787 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1849&field=value |
| Brazil BRA | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 1.19567 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1963&field=value |
| Brazil BRA | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 1.1938 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=1953&field=value |
| Bulgaria BGR | Research spendingvalue | 2013 | 0.63424 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2041&field=value |
| Bulgaria BGR | Research spendingvalue | 2023 | 0.79224 | R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | Not selected | present | Sourcehttps://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/all/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?source=2&format=json&date=2000:2025&per_page=20000&footnote=y#record=2031&field=value |
Sources and attribution
Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/resources/bulk, publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), date accessed: 2025-03-26, date published: 2025-02 Distributed by World Bank WDI, GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS; accessed 2026-10-04T18:29:37.077Z. Adaptation by World Signals Monitor; no publisher endorsement is implied.
Research spending · R&D expenditure (% of GDP)
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/resources/bulk, publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), date accessed: 2025-03-26, date published: 2025-02 Distributed by World Bank WDI, GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS; accessed 2026-10-04T18:29:37.077Z. Adaptation by World Signals Monitor; no publisher endorsement is implied. · Retrieved: 2026-10-11T02:25:54.602Z
Original publisher data · Source reuse terms and attribution
Retrieved: 2026-10-11T02:25:54.602Z. Vintage: wdi-2026-10-08-0a6eb6ab25b7+release-aeeb6ddf-6cce-4970-a73b-0d9cd459923d.
Diagram and editorial selection by World Signal Monitor. Display labels may be rounded; calculations and downloads use the retained values.
The scale of economic output
Economic output per person
Where prices rose fastest