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COMMODITY ORIGINS · WHO CONSUMES IT

Which countries consume each commodity, and how much per person?

Derived report snapshot · 2026-10-04 · Original report

For 39 commodities with FAO food balance sheets for 2023, the country that uses the most is also the country that produces the most for 27, and a different country for 12. For 31 of the 39, the five largest consumers hold a smaller share of the world total than the five largest producers do, so consumption is usually less concentrated than production.

The rest of this site covers where a commodity is produced, exported, imported and priced. This report adds who uses it, from the FAO Food Balance Sheets: "domestic supply" is production plus imports minus exports (and any stock change), the quantity available to a country in the year, and per-person figures are FAO's own food supply per capita. FAO's items are its own groupings, so the column "FAO item" says what each row covers (for example, oranges include mandarins, milk is all milk in whole-milk equivalent, and sugar is all sugar as raw sugar). Per-person rankings include only countries with at least 1 million people so that a small island does not lead every list. Click a heading to sort.

Largest consumer, largest producer and highest per-person supply, by commodity
CommodityFAO itemWorld domestic supplyLargest consumerIts shareTop five consumersLargest producerIts shareTop five producers
ApplesApples and products108 million tonnesChina44%70%China52%69%
BananasBananas132 million tonnesIndia27%55%India27%54%
BarleyBarley and products135 million tonnesRussia12%40%Russia14%46%
BeefBovine meat73.8 million tonnesUnited States17%51%United States17%52%
CanolaRape and mustardseed91.2 million tonnesChina24%66%Canada20%67%
CassavaCassava and products339 million tonnesNigeria19%57%Nigeria19%56%
ChickenPoultry meat137 million tonnesChina19%48%China18%52%
ClovesCloves188 thousand tonnesIndonesia76%92%Indonesia84%99%
CocoaCocoa beans and products5.3 million tonnesUnited States16%43%Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)49%89%
Coconut oilCoconut oil2.9 million tonnesUnited States15%46%Philippines42%86%
CoffeeCoffee and products12.1 million tonnesUnited States12%34%Brazil36%73%
CornMaize and products1.2 billion tonnesUnited States28%66%United States32%72%
DatesDates9.5 million tonnesEgypt19%63%Saudi Arabia20%72%
EggsEggs94.7 million tonnesChina37%63%China38%64%
GrapesGrapes and products (excluding wine)72.2 million tonnesChina18%50%China19%50%
HoneyHoney1.9 million tonnesChina16%45%China24%43%
LambMutton and goat meat17.8 million tonnesChina32%58%China30%58%
MilkMilk, excluding butter (whole-milk equivalent)1.1 billion tonnesIndia22%48%India25%51%
OatsOats20.5 million tonnesRussia15%50%Russia18%50%
Olive oilOlive oil3.1 million tonnesItaly17%55%Spain33%73%
OrangesOranges and mandarins126 million tonnesChina27%56%China29%61%
Palm kernel oilPalm kernel oil8.6 million tonnesIndonesia42%77%Indonesia59%91%
Palm oilPalm oil76.1 million tonnesIndonesia27%57%Indonesia59%91%
PeanutsGroundnuts51.4 million tonnesChina38%71%China38%75%
PepperPepper755 thousand tonnesVietnam14%47%Vietnam30%70%
PineapplesPineapples and products34.5 million tonnesUnited States18%44%Indonesia11%47%
PlantainsPlantains44.1 million tonnesUganda25%64%Uganda25%64%
PorkPigmeat122 million tonnesChina49%67%China47%69%
PotatoesPotatoes and products380 million tonnesChina24%56%China25%57%
RiceRice and products (milled equivalent)768 million tonnesChina28%69%India26%73%
Sesame seedSesame seed4.9 million tonnesChina27%61%India17%57%
SorghumSorghum and products48.7 million tonnesChina17%57%United States16%55%
SoybeansSoyabeans378 million tonnesChina32%79%Brazil41%88%
SugarSugar (raw equivalent)169 million tonnesIndia15%39%Brazil24%59%
Sunflower oilSunflowerseed oil21.6 million tonnesRussia18%50%Russia31%73%
TeaTea (including mate)33.5 million tonnesChina46%79%China48%82%
TomatoesTomatoes and products195 million tonnesChina33%60%China37%64%
WheatWheat and products844 million tonnesChina19%46%China17%54%
YamsYams82.6 million tonnesNigeria75%97%Nigeria74%97%

Who eats the most per person

Highest food supply per person among countries of at least one million people
CommodityWorld average, kg per person a yearHighest per personkg per person a yearNext highest
Apples11Bosnia and Herzegovina54United States (49), Hungary (38), Turkey (Türkiye) (36)
Bananas14Papua New Guinea107Laos (97), Peru (62), Dominican Republic (52)
Barley1.4North Macedonia33Morocco (25), Finland (24), Ethiopia (15)
Beef9.5Argentina49Zimbabwe (45), Brazil (39), United States (37)
Canola0.1Malaysia3.9Gabon (2.1), Canada (2.1), Tajikistan (1.6)
Cassava26DR Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo)393Angola (263), Ghana (250), Republic of the Congo (242)
Chicken18Israel73Jamaica (57), United States (55), Australia (53)
Cloves0.0Djibouti0.1Qatar (0.1), Saudi Arabia (0.1), Tanzania (0.1)
Cocoa0.7Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)8.7Israel (4.2), France (4.0), United Kingdom (3.9)
Coconut oil0.2Jamaica5.0Sri Lanka (1.9), Malaysia (1.9), Philippines (1.1)
Coffee2.0Hong Kong43Laos (23), Ireland (16), Estonia (16)
Corn18Malawi128Mexico (124), Zambia (102), Lesotho (94)
Dates1.1Oman54Saudi Arabia (51), Kuwait (26), Algeria (23)
Eggs11Belgium32Hong Kong (28), China (23), Malaysia (22)
Grapes4.5Moldova89Albania (64), Uzbekistan (39), Slovenia (36)
Honey0.2Sierra Leone5.6Croatia (2.6), Greece (2.3), Albania (1.9)
Lamb2.3Mongolia69Bahrain (22), Turkmenistan (18), Kuwait (14)
Milk89Denmark496Estonia (339), Ireland (324), Netherlands (310)
Oats0.8Belarus9.9Norway (7.3), Denmark (6.7), United States (6.2)
Olive oil0.4Spain9.0Greece (8.8), Italy (8.6), Portugal (5.9)
Oranges15Netherlands64Panama (60), Bahrain (56), Ireland (49)
Palm kernel oil0.3Malaysia4.4Indonesia (3.1), Honduras (2.2), Sierra Leone (1.9)
Palm oil3.3United Arab Emirates15Honduras (14), Indonesia (12), Saudi Arabia (11)
Peanuts3.6Niger15Gabon (12), Senegal (12), Burkina Faso (11)
Pepper0.1Burkina Faso3.1Tajikistan (2.1), Sri Lanka (1.2), Zimbabwe (1.2)
Pineapples4.1Dominican Republic40Jamaica (31), Panama (21), Angola (19)
Plantains7.3Uganda206Ghana (121), Gabon (109), Dominican Republic (92)
Pork16Croatia61Denmark (58), Spain (53), Poland (52)
Potatoes35Belarus167Ukraine (147), Bosnia and Herzegovina (103), Nepal (99)
Rice81Gambia311Myanmar (271), Cambodia (263), Bangladesh (251)
Sesame seed0.3Israel5.7Burkina Faso (5.3), Myanmar (4.7), Niger (3.4)
Sorghum3.9Burkina Faso51Niger (48), Cameroon (32), Nigeria (25)
Soybeans1.7Indonesia9.3Taiwan (8.9), South Korea (6.0), China (5.4)
Sugar20Belgium53Poland (52), Guatemala (51), Gambia (46)
Sunflower oil1.7Bulgaria19North Macedonia (14), Russia (12), Romania (12)
Tea4.4Sri Lanka52Kenya (35), Argentina (27), Paraguay (22)
Tomatoes23Turkey (Türkiye)113Albania (97), Tunisia (91), Azerbaijan (69)
Wheat70Serbia240Azerbaijan (206), Tunisia (195), Morocco (180)
Yams10Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)184Ghana (157), Nigeria (92), Gabon (65)

Food supply per person is what is available to eat, not what is eaten: it counts food before household waste, and a country that re-exports or stockpiles can look different from what its people consume. It also covers only the food use of each item, so a crop that goes mostly to animal feed or fuel (corn, sugar, palm oil) has a small food figure beside a large domestic supply. Compare with self-sufficiency and with production concentration.

FAOSTAT Food Balance Sheets (2010-), CC BY 4.0. Each commodity uses its latest FBS year with domestic supply for at least 100 countries (2023 for all of them at the time of writing). World per-person figure: population-weighted average over reporting countries. Countries with an FAO-imputed negative domestic supply are left out of that row.

Source snapshot and downloads

Recreated from Commodity Origins' published derived reports under CC BY 4.0. Report figures retain the publisher's definitions, coverage and reporting years. Selection of underlying commodity rows in our commodity explorer is separate and may have different coverage. Source notes above identify the upstream data; no publisher endorsement is implied.

Snapshot retrieved 2026-10-05. New source vintages require review and republication.

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