Who gained and lost importers' business?
Derived report snapshot · 2026-10-04 · Original report
Between 2022 and 2024, the largest supplier changed in 183 of 716 import markets worth at least $500 million in both years (26%). The biggest single gain: Norway went from 1.1% to 89% of Denmark's natural gas imports.
The window is short: BACI on this site covers 2022 to 2024, so these are changes over two years, not a long-run trend. A supplier's change in share counts here only when it moved by at least 5 percentage points by value and in the same direction by at least 2 points by weight, because a share of value moves with prices and product mix as well as with volumes, and requiring weight to agree removes moves that are mostly a price effect. A "supplier" is the exporting country as BACI records it, which can be a trading hub. 1,570 supplier shifts across 716 markets pass that test; the largest 25 gains and falls are below. Click a heading to sort.
Markets where the number one supplier changed
| Importer | Commodity | Was the largest supplier | Now the largest supplier | Imports |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | Crude oil | Saudi Arabia | Russia | $318.4 billion |
| India | Crude oil | Iraq | Russia | $141.8 billion |
| Switzerland | Gold | United States | United Arab Emirates | $112.2 billion |
| Japan | Crude oil | Saudi Arabia | United Arab Emirates | $73.1 billion |
| Netherlands | Crude oil | Russia | United States | $54.8 billion |
| Germany | Crude oil | Russia | United States | $36.8 billion |
| Spain | Crude oil | Nigeria | United States | $35.6 billion |
| Italy | Crude oil | Russia | Libya | $32.4 billion |
| United Arab Emirates | Gold | Mali | Switzerland | $32.1 billion |
| Other Asia, nes | Crude oil | Iran | Saudi Arabia | $28.0 billion |
| Poland | Crude oil | Russia | Saudi Arabia | $18.0 billion |
| Singapore | Gold | Switzerland | Australia | $17.6 billion |
| Thailand | Gold | Switzerland | Hong Kong | $14.1 billion |
| Other Asia, nes | Natural gas | United States | Australia | $12.3 billion |
| Spain | Natural gas | United States | Algeria | $10.9 billion |
| Panama | Crude oil | Colombia | Ecuador | $10.6 billion |
| Thailand | Natural gas | Myanmar | Qatar | $9.4 billion |
| Turkey (Türkiye) | Natural gas | United States | Azerbaijan | $6.8 billion |
| India | Silver | Russia | United Kingdom | $5.6 billion |
| Cambodia | Gold | Singapore | Thailand | $5.4 billion |
| United States | Beef | New Zealand | Australia | $5.0 billion |
| Netherlands | Coal | Colombia | Australia | $4.9 billion |
| Chile | Crude oil | Brazil | Argentina | $4.7 billion |
| South Korea | Copper | Indonesia | Chile | $4.7 billion |
| Romania | Crude oil | Russia | Kazakhstan | $4.7 billion |
| China | Cotton | United States | Brazil | $4.5 billion |
| Indonesia | Gold | Hong Kong | Australia | $4.3 billion |
| United Kingdom | Silver | Kazakhstan | China | $4.2 billion |
| Italy | Steel | France | Germany | $4.1 billion |
| Bulgaria | Crude oil | Russia | Kazakhstan | $4.0 billion |
The biggest gains in share
| Importer | Commodity | Supplier | Share then | Share now | Change by value | Imports |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark | Natural gas | Norway | 1.1% | 89% | +88 points | $578 million |
| Kenya | Wheat | Russia | 24% | 82% | +58 points | $617 million |
| Morocco | Coal | United States | 26% | 79% | +53 points | $1.7 billion |
| Panama | Crude oil | Ecuador | <0.1% | 50% | +50 points | $10.6 billion |
| Czechia | Natural gas | Norway | 17% | 65% | +48 points | $2.9 billion |
| Saudi Arabia | Wheat | Romania | <0.1% | 48% | +48 points | $1.3 billion |
| Saudi Arabia | Barley | Russia | 12% | 59% | +47 points | $868 million |
| Colombia | Corn | United States | 52% | 97% | +46 points | $1.6 billion |
| Tunisia | Wheat | Russia | <0.1% | 45% | +45 points | $655 million |
| United Arab Emirates | Steel | China | 27% | 71% | +44 points | $2.4 billion |
| Cambodia | Gold | Thailand | 13% | 57% | +44 points | $5.4 billion |
| Chile | Crude oil | Argentina | 2.4% | 46% | +44 points | $4.7 billion |
| Pakistan | Wheat | Russia | 27% | 70% | +43 points | $545 million |
| China | Barley | Australia | <0.1% | 42% | +42 points | $3.1 billion |
| Indonesia | Sugar | Brazil | 18% | 60% | +42 points | $2.8 billion |
| Finland | Natural gas | Norway | 4% | 45% | +41 points | $1.2 billion |
| Yemen | Wheat | Australia | 36% | 78% | +41 points | $578 million |
| Bangladesh | Sugar | Brazil | 47% | 87% | +40 points | $870 million |
| Iraq | Sugar | Brazil | 52% | 92% | +39 points | $738 million |
| Other Asia, nes | Natural gas | Australia | <0.1% | 39% | +39 points | $12.3 billion |
| Iran | Rice | India | 61% | 100% | +39 points | $701 million |
| Iran | Corn | Brazil | 48% | 86% | +38 points | $1.1 billion |
| Serbia | Crude oil | Kazakhstan | <0.1% | 38% | +38 points | $1.4 billion |
| Netherlands | Coal | Australia | 11% | 49% | +38 points | $4.9 billion |
| Hong Kong | Palladium | Armenia | <0.1% | 37% | +37 points | $695 million |
The biggest losses in share
| Importer | Commodity | Supplier | Share then | Share now | Change by value | Imports |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark | Natural gas | Germany | 97% | 5.5% | −91 points | $578 million |
| Vietnam | Crude oil | Kuwait | 87% | <0.1% | −87 points | $642 million |
| Bulgaria | Crude oil | Russia | 83% | <0.1% | −83 points | $4.0 billion |
| Pakistan | Soybeans | Brazil | 75% | <0.1% | −75 points | $530 million |
| Other Asia, nes | Copper | Indonesia | 67% | 5.6% | −61 points | $903 million |
| Saudi Arabia | Barley | Australia | 62% | 4.2% | −58 points | $868 million |
| Uruguay | Crude oil | United States | 67% | 9.6% | −57 points | $854 million |
| Norway | Aluminum | Russia | 57% | 0.4% | −57 points | $644 million |
| Bangladesh | Wheat | India | 54% | <0.1% | −54 points | $692 million |
| China | Corn | United States | 71% | 18% | −53 points | $2.1 billion |
| Spain | Gold | United Kingdom | 55% | 3.6% | −51 points | $1.3 billion |
| Other Asia, nes | Crude oil | Iran | 50% | <0.1% | −50 points | $28.0 billion |
| France | Nickel | Luxembourg | 50% | 0.4% | −50 points | $703 million |
| Panama | Crude oil | Colombia | 86% | 37% | −49 points | $10.6 billion |
| Czechia | Natural gas | Russia | 79% | 31% | −48 points | $2.9 billion |
| Serbia | Crude oil | Russia | 46% | <0.1% | −46 points | $1.4 billion |
| Romania | Crude oil | Russia | 46% | <0.1% | −46 points | $4.7 billion |
| Iraq | Sugar | India | 46% | 0.4% | −45 points | $738 million |
| Egypt | Crude oil | Kuwait | 46% | 2.5% | −44 points | $947 million |
| Qatar | Gold | United Arab Emirates | 86% | 43% | −43 points | $542 million |
| Vietnam | Wheat | Australia | 71% | 29% | −43 points | $1.1 billion |
| Croatia | Crude oil | Azerbaijan | 96% | 54% | −42 points | $1.8 billion |
| Bangladesh | Sugar | India | 53% | 10% | −42 points | $870 million |
| Philippines | Copper | Indonesia | 59% | 17% | −41 points | $1.9 billion |
| Morocco | Coal | Russia | 41% | <0.1% | −41 points | $1.7 billion |
The table shows what changed, not why. A shift can follow a sanction, a harvest, a pipeline or port opening, a price that made one origin cheaper, or a change in where a trading hub sources from; this data records the outcome only. For the full picture of one market, see trade flows and each commodity page.
CEPII BACI, each commodity's primary HS line, first and last year on file (2022 and 2024). Importers must have imported at least $500 million in both years. Value shares use US dollars; the weight check uses net weight in kilograms.
Source snapshot and downloads
Recreated from Commodity Origins' published derived reports under CC BY 4.0. Report figures retain the publisher's definitions, coverage and reporting years. Selection of underlying commodity rows in our commodity explorer is separate and may have different coverage. Source notes above identify the upstream data; no publisher endorsement is implied.
Snapshot retrieved 2026-10-05. New source vintages require review and republication.